一.专业名词解释
动力煤：fuel coal；steam coal 水煤浆：coal water mixture 发热量：calorific value 实验室煤样：laboratory sample of coal 工业分析：proximate analysis 元素分析：ultimate analysis
挥发分：volatile matter 固定碳：fixed carbon 煤炭焦化：占有欲太强怎么办coal carbonization 孔隙率porosity 煤阶：rank 灰成分分析：ash analysis 粘结指数：caking index
干燥无灰基：dry ash-free basis 灰融融性：ash fusibility 洁净煤技术：clean coal technology
炼焦配煤：coal blending for coking 煤炭气化：coal gasification 煤基活性炭：coal-bad activated carbon
二.短语解释
Coal formation 煤的作用 Coal forming process 成煤作用
在阳台上种菜Peatification 泥炭化作用 metamorphism 变质作用
三.文章中词语翻译
The coalification process is, in esnce (本质）, the progressive（渐进的，累进的）change in the plant debris as it becomes transformed from peat to lignite（褐煤）and then through the higher ranks （高阶） of coal （such as subbituminous （次烟煤） and bituminous （烟煤） coals）to anthracite （无烟煤）. The degree of coalification generally determines the rank of the coal, but the process is not a ries of straightforward（简单的，直截了当的）chemical changes. For example, the metamorphism （变质作用）of the plant debris not only relies on （＝depend on）geological time(地质年代）but also on temperature and pressure.(P64)
A. Clay Minerals (Aluminosilicates) 粘土矿物（铝硅酸盐） B. Quartz (Silica) 石英（硅石）
C. Carbonate Minerals 碳酸盐矿物质
D. Sulfur (Sulfide and Sulfate) Minerals 硫（硫化物和硫酸盐）矿物质(P72)
Indeed, a high ash content also introduces additional problems such as a loss in the combustion efficiency (燃烧效率) as well as problems related to handling (处理) and disposing (处理) of larger amounts of mineral ash. Obviously, mineral matter in coal will (and often does) cau problems during utilization, and measures (措施) to counteract (抵消柞树的读音) any adver effects (反作用，不利作用) that will ari from (起于) the prence (到场，存在) of the mineral matter are necessary. On the other hand, the potential benefits that could ari from the prence of this same mineral matter should not be ignored (忽视); catalytic effects (催化效果) in process designed for the liquefaction (液化)and the gasification (睡佛气化) of coal may be cited (引用) as examples(P74)
Products from coal pyrolysis （热解）
Combustible Gas: hydrogen, methane（甲烷）, and carbon monoxide一氧化物 as well as lesr
amounts of hydrocarbons 碳氢化合物
Tarry products迟延产品: small molecular volatile matters such as hydrocarbons, aromatics （芳族化合物）and their derivatives （衍生物）
Coke: char residue which consists of carbon and mineral matter带有风字的诗句 （矿物质）
Carbon emission 五星红旗你是我的骄傲是什么歌碳排放量 Carbon questration 碳封存
发展导报 IGCC plant 整体煤气化联合循环电厂 renewable energy 可再生能源
Direct liquefaction technology 直接液化技术
四：英译汉
1.A definition of Coal
Coal is a kind of dimentary organic rock originating from ancient plant remains undergone complicatedly biochemical and physicochemical changes under certain climatic, biological, environmental and geological conditions.
煤是一种由古代植物在一定的气候、生物、环境和地质条件下经历复杂的生物化学和物理化学作用而形成的沉积有机岩。
2.A brief description (plea rehear this paragraph)
寓言故事三年级
Coal was formed from partially decompod (已降解的，已腐烂的）(and subquently (后来，随后）metamorphod (变质，变形）) plant debris (碎片，残骸）which collected in regions where waterlogged (浸满水的，涝的）or swampy (沼泽的，湿地的）conditions prevailed (流行，盛行，占优势）. The conditions prevented complete decay (腐烂，降解）of the debris as it accumulated and eventually (最后的）led to the material now as coal.
煤是由部分已降解（其后变质）的植物残骸形成的，这些残骸普遍聚集在积水的洼地和沼泽地。这些积水防止残骸完全腐烂，由于残骸的积累，最终形成了现在的煤。
3.By ash technique To detect the ash content of coal
This technique is commonly to make a coal completely combusted (燃烧) at quite a high t
emperature by using a special device (a muffle furnace), then to weigh (称量) the residue (残渣), i.e., the ash (灰分), and to u the ash content as an indication to the minerals in the coal.
这种技术一般是在相当高的温度下，使用一种特殊的设备（马弗炉）使煤完全燃烧，然后称量残渣，即灰分，并用灰分含量作为煤中矿物质的指标。
4.Lignite is abundant and makes up approximately 40% of coal rerves in the world. However, lignite usually has high water and oxygen content,low energy density, being prone to weathering and spontaneous combustion. In addition, it is expensive to transport. All the characteristics limit its high efficient utilization.
褐煤很丰富，约占世界煤炭储量的40％。然而，褐煤通常水和氧含量高、能量密度低并易风化和自然，此外，运输费用昂贵。这些特点限制了它的高效利用。
6.Slag formation is related to the furnace type and layout, the properties of coal, and the operating conditions (e.g.,temperature,pressure, steam/oxygen ratio, carbon/oxygen ratio,
residence time), etc. Under certain given conditions, it is strongly related to the transformations and melts of mineral matter in coal during coal conversion under high temperature and pressure.
炉渣的形成与炉型和布局、煤的性质、工作条件（如温度、压力、蒸汽/氧气比、碳/氧比、停留时间）等有关。在某种特定条件下，如在高温高压煤转化过程中，它与煤中矿物质的转化和融化密切相关。
