2011中石油职称英语押题宝典
一、 翻译
（第七课）1.Although recent years have en substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Conquently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing realization that the only effective way to achieve further reductions in vehicle emissions-short of a massive shift away from the private automobile- is to replace conventional diel fuel and gasoline with cleaner-burning fuels such as compresd natural gas. liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.
1.尽管近几年来私人机动车辆排放的有害污染物已有相当程度的减少，但这类车辆的数量却仍在稳定地增长。因此，美国100多个城市仍然存在着超过法律限定的一氧化碳、悬浮颗粒物和臭氧（由于车辆排出气体中碳氢化合物经过光化反应产生）。人们逐渐认识到实现车辆
尾气排放更进一步减少的唯一有效方法--大规模消减私人小汽车除外--是用燃烧更为清洁的燃料，如压缩天然气、液化石油气、乙醇或甲醇代替传统的柴油和汽油。法宝合成材料摆放位置
2.All of the alternatives are carbon-bad fuels who molecules are smaller and simpler than tho of gasoline. The molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in part becau they have fewer, if any, carbon-carbon bonds and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of larger molecules, which have multiple carbon-carbon bonds involves a more complex ries of reactions. The reactions increa the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to relea uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compresd natural gas would require that vehicles have t of heavy fuel tanks- a rious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency-and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.
课题结题报告2.所有这些替代物都是碳基燃料，它的分子要比汽油的小而简单。这些分子要比汽油燃烧
得更为清洁，部分是因为他们碳-碳键较少，而且即使会释放出碳氢化合物，也不太可能会成为臭氧。较大分子的燃烧，由于它们具有多重碳-碳，伴随着更为复杂的一系列反应。这些反应增加了不完全燃烧得可能性并且易于放出未燃烧的、易起光化反应的碳氢化合物释放到大气中。从另一方面来说，替代燃料也有缺点。压缩天然气要求车辆有一套沉重的燃料箱--在外观和燃料效率方面有严重的不利之处--并且液化石油气面临着基本的供应量限制。
三好学生演讲稿3.Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-bad alternative fuels: they have higher energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly ud as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanol's most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most rious urban air pollutant.
3.立波秀从另一个方面来看，乙醇和甲醇具有由于其他碳基替代燃料的重要优势：它们在单位容
量下有更高的能量含量，并且只需要在现存的配送燃料的网络中做很小的变更。乙醇通常用作汽油的补充燃料，但它现在的价格是甲醇的两倍，后者的低成本是具有吸引力的特征之一。不过，甲醇最吸引人的特征是它能够将形成臭氧的车辆尾气这一严重的城市空气污染减少90%。
（第十一课卤菜配料配方 Smoking and Cancer）
1. Americans smoke six thousand million cigarettes every year (1970 figures). This is roughly the equivalent of 4,195 cigarettes a year for every person in the country of 18 years of age or more. It is estimated that 51% of American men smoke compared with 34% of American women. 1、美国人每年抽烟60亿支(1970年的统计数字)。这大致等于每个18岁以上的人一年要吸4195支烟。据估计，美国有51％的男性吸烟，而女性吸烟的比例则为复杂的心34％。
2. Since 1939,numerous scientific studies have been conducted to determine whether smoking is a health hazard. The trend of the evidence has been consistent and indicates that there is a rious health risk. Rearch teams have conducted studies that show bey
ond all reasonable doubt that tobacco smoking,particularly cigarette smoking,is associated with shortened life expectancy. 2、1939年以来，为了确定抽烟是否有害健康进行了大量的科学研究。证据所显示的趋势是一贯的，并表明对人体的健康有严重的危险。许多研究小组进行的研究不容置疑地表明，吸食烟草，特别是吸卷烟与预期寿命缩短有关。
3. Cigarette smoking is believed by most rearch workers in this field to be an important factor in the development of cancer of the lungs and cancer of the throat and is believed to be related to cancer of the bladder and the oral cavity. Male cigarette Smokers have a higher death rate from heart dia than non-smoking males. (Female smokers are thought to be less affected becau they do not breathe in the smoke so deeply.) The majority of doctors and rearchers consider the relationships proved to their satisfaction and say,"Give up smoking. If you don't smoke-don't start!" 3、这方面的研究人员大都相信吸卷烟是产生肺癌、喉癌的重要因素，还认为膀胱癌、口腔癌也与此有关。男性吸烟者的心脏病死亡率比不吸烟的高。(他们认为女性吸烟者受影响小一些，因为她们吸烟不那么深。)大多数医生和研究人员认为，上述那些关系已得到令人满意的证实，并且告
诫说：考试祝福语“戒烟吧，如果你不会抽-那可不要学!”4. Some competent physicians and rearch workers-though their small number is decread even further-are less sure of the effect of cigarette smoking on health. They consider the increa in respiratory dias and various forms of cancer may possibly be explained by other factors in the complex human environment -atmospheric pollution,incread nervous stress,chemical substances in procesd food,or chemical pesticides that are now being ud by farmers in vast quantities to destroy incts and small animals. Smokers who develop cancer or lung dias,they say,may also,by coincidence,live in industrial areas,or eat more canned food. Gradually,however,rearch is isolating all other possible factors and proving them to be statistically irrelevant. 4、有些精通业务的医生和研究人员-虽然这些人不多，并且人数在进一步减少-不那么肯定吸卷烟对人体健康有影响。他们认为呼吸系统疾病和各种癌症的增多也许可以说是由于人类复杂环境中另外一些因素，即：空气的污染、人们精神压力的增大、经过加工的食品中的化学物质、或化学杀虫药引起的。农民现在大量使用这些农药杀死昆虫和小动物。据他们说，那些患了癌症或肺病的人可能恰巧也住在工业区，或是吃了更多的罐头食品。但是研究工作逐渐排除了其它因素的可能性，并且用统计数字证明这些因素是无关的。
>吴昊然
