2010年职称英语等级考试真题（理工类A级）
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有短横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1．I can’t put up with my neighbor’s noi any longer; it’s driving me mad.
A．measure B．generate C．tolerate D．reduce
2．Regular visits from a social worker can be of immen value to old people living alone.
A．equal B．moderate C．immediate D．great
3．He was rather vague about the reasons why he never finished school.
A．bad B．bright C．unclear D．general
4．I want to provide my boys with a decent断井颓垣 education.
A．good B．special C．private D．general
5．Steep stairs can prent a particular hazard to older people.
A．danger B．ca C．picture D．evidence
6．Our arrangements were thrown into complete turmoil.
A．doubt B．relief C．confusion D．failure
7．Patricia stared at the other girls with rentment.
A．anger B．doubt C．love D．surpri
8．Your dog needs at least 20 minutes of vigorous exerci every day.
A．physical B．energetic C．regular D．free
9．I enjoyed the play — it had a clever plot and very funny dialogues.
A．long B．boring C．original D．humorous
10．Lower taxes would spur investment and help economic growth.
A．spend B．require C．encourage D．attract
11．He demolished my argument in minutes.
A．disputed B．accepted C．disproved D．supported
12．The two banks have announced plans to merge next year.
A．combine B．clo C．break D．ll
13．Her father was a quiet man with graceful manners.
A．polite B．similar C．usual D．bad
14．The project required ten years of diligent rearch.
A．hardworking B．basic C．social D．scientific
15．He was kept in appalling conditions in prison.
A．critical B．necessary C．normal D．terrible
第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
California Gives Green Light to Space Solar Power
Energy beamed down from space is one step clor to reality, now that California has given the green light to an agreement that would e the Pacific Gas and Electric Company buy 200 megawatts（兆瓦）of power beamed down from solar-power satellites beginning in 2016. But some major challenges will have to be overcome if the technology
is to be ud widely.
A start-up company called Solaren is designing the satellites, which it says will u radio waves to beam energy down to a receiving station on Earth.
The attraction of collecting solar power in space is the almost uninterrupted sunshine available in geosynchronous（与地球同步的）orbit. Earth-bad solar cells, by contrast, can only collect sunlight during daytime and when skies are clear.
But space, bad solar power must grapple（努力克服）with the high cost per kilogram of launching things into space, says Richard Schwartz of Purdue University in West Lafayette, Indiana. “If you’re talking about it being economically viable for power of the Earth, it’s a tough go,” he says.
Cal Boerman, Solaren’s director of energy rvices, says the company designed its satellites with a view to keeping launch costs down. “We knew we had to come up with a different, revolutionary design,” he says. A patent the company has won describes ways to reduce the system’s weight, including using inflatable mirrors to focus sunlight on solar cells, so a smaller number can collect the same amount of energy.
But using mirrors introduces other challenges, including keeping the solar cells from overheating, says Schwartz. “You have to take care of heat dissipation（散发）becau you’re now concentrating a lot of energy in one place,” he says. According to the company’s patent, Solaren’s solar cells will be connected to radiators to help keep them cool.
Though Boerman says the company believes it can make space-bad solar power work, it is not expecting to crowd out other forms of renewable energy. Laws in California and other states require increasing u of renewable energy in coming years, he points out. “To meet tho needs, we’re going to need all types of renewable energy sources,” he says.
16．Solar-power satellites will u radio waves to beam energy down from space.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
17．Solaren is going to design 200 solar-power satellites.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
18．Space-bad solar cells could collect solar power only when skies are clear.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
19．One advantage of the space-bad solar power system is that it is economical.
凉拌八爪鱼A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
20．Inflatable mirrors are ud to reduce the weight of the space-bad solar power system.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
21．Space-bad solar power will rule out other forms of renewable energy sources.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
22．Many countries will grant permission for the u of space-bad solar power soon.
A．Right B．Wrong C．Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意和完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23 ~ 26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
Natural Gas
1 Natural gas is produced from rervoirs deep beneath the earth’s surface. It is a fossil fuel（矿物燃料）meaning that it is derived from organic material buried in the earth millions of years ago. The main component of natural gas is methane（甲烷）.
2线上活动策划方案 The popularity and u of clean natural gas has incread dramatically over the past 50 years as pipeline infrastructure（基础设施）has been installed to deliver it conveniently and economically to millions of residential, commercial and industrial customers worldwide. Today, natural gas rvice is available in all 50 states in the U.S., and is the leading energy choice for fueling American homes and industries. More than 65 million American homes u natural gas. In fact, natural gas is the most economical source for home energy needs, costing one-third as much as electricity. In addition to heating homes, much of the gas ud in the United States is ud as a raw material to manufacture a wide variety of products, from paint, to fibers for clothing, to plastics for healthcare, computing and furnishings. Natural gas is also ud in a significant number of new electricity-generating power plants.
3 Natural gas is one of the safest and cleanest fuels available. It emits（发出）less pollution than other fossil fuel sources. When natural gas is burned, it produces mostly carbon dioxide（二氧化碳）and water vapor — the same substances emitted when humans breathe. Compared with some other fossil fuels, natural gas emits the least amount of carbon dioxide into the air when combusted（燃烧）— making natural gas the cleanest burning fossil fuel of all.
4 The United States consumes about one-third of the world’s natural gas output, making it the largest gas-consuming region in the world. The U.S. Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration forecasts that natural gas demand will grow by more than 50 percent by 2025.
5 There are huge rerves of natural gas beneath the earth’s surface. The largest rerves of natural gas can be found in Russia, West and North Africa and the Middle East. LNG（液化天然气）has been produced domestically and imported in the United States for more than four decades Today, the leading importers of LNG are Japan, Korea, France and Spain.
23．Paragraph 2 ______
24．Paragraph 3 ______
25．Paragraph 4 ______
26．Paragraph 5 ______
A．Clean fuel of choice
B．Natural gas prices
C．Natural gas consumption
D．Popularity and u of natural gas
E．Disadvantages of natural gas
F．Natural gas rerves and supply |
|
27．Natural gas is stored deep __________.
28．Natural gas is recognized as the most economical energy source __________.
29．When manufacturing many different products, people commonly u natural gas __________.
30．It is estimated that by 2025 the natural gas demand in the United States will increa __________.
A．over the past 50 years
B．beneath the earth’s surface
C．by more than 50 percent
D．for more than four decades
E．as a raw material
F．for home energy needs |
|
第4部分：阅读理解（第31～45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇 How the First Stars in the Univer Came into Existence
Rearchers believe that our univer began with the Big Bang（宇宙大爆炸）about 13 billion years ago, and that soon after that event, matter began to form as small dust grains and gas. How the first stars formed from this dust and gas has been a burning question for years, but a state-of-the-art computer simulation now offers the most detailed picture yet of how the first stars in the univer came into existence.
The composition of the early univer was quite different from that of today, and the physics that governed the early univer were also somewhat simpler. Dr. Naoki Yoshida and colleagues in Japan and the U. S. incorporated the conditions of the early univer, sometimes referred to as the “cosmic dark ages,” to simulate the formation of an astronomical object that would eventually shine its light into this darkness.
The result is a detailed description of the formation of a protostar（原恒星）— the early s
tage of a massive primordial（原始的）star of our univer — and the rearchers’ computer simulation ts the bar for further investigation into the star formation process. The question of how the first stars evolved is so important becau their formations and eventual explosions provided the eds for subquent stars to come into being.
According to their simulation, gravity acted on minute density variations in matter, gas, and the mysterious “dark matter” of the univer after the Big Bang in order to form this early stage of a star — a protostar with a mass of just one percent of our sun. The simulation reveals how pre-stellar（前恒星）gas would have actually evolved under the simpler physics of the early univer to form this protostar. Dr. Yoshida’s simulation also shows that the protostar would likely evolve into a massive star capable of synthesizing（合成）heavy elements, not just in later generations of stars, but soon after the Big Bang.
Their simulation of the birth of a protostar in the early univer signifies a key step toward the ambitious goal of piecing together the formation of an entire primordial star and of predicting the mass and properties of the first stars of the univer. More powerful com
puters, more physical data, and an even larger range will be needed for further calculations and simulations, but the rearchers hope to eventually extend this simulation to the point of nuclear reaction initiation — when a stellar（星球的）object becomes a true star.
31．According to the first two paragraphs, the early univer
A．was governed by simpler physics.
B．got fewer stars shinning in it.
C．started over 13 billion years ago.
D．was compod in a way similar to that of today.
32．What does the state-of-the-art computer simulation tell us about?
A．How the Big Bang occurred about 13 billion years ago.
B．How “cosmic dark ages” came into existence.
C．How dust grains and gas were formed after the Big Bang.
D．How the first stars came into being after the Big Bang.
33．The phra “an astronomical object” in paragraph 2 refers to
A．cosmic dark ages.
B．dust and gas.
C．a protostar.
D．the early univer.
34．According to paragraph 4, which of the following is NOT true about a protostar?
A．It developed into a massive star during the Big Bang.
B．It evolved from pre-stellar gas.
C．It was able to integrate heavy elements when evolving into a massive star.
D．It had a mass of one percent of the sun.
35．According to the last paragraph, all of the following are the goals of the simulation project EXCEPT
A．to know more about the mass and properties of the first stars of the univer.
B．to simulate the process of how the early univer began.
C．to apply the simulation to the study of nuclear reaction initiation.
D．to discover the truth about the formation of a protostar.
第二篇 The Iceman
On a September day in 1991, two Germans were climbing the mountains between Austria and Italy. High up on a mountain pass, they found the body of a man lying on the ice. At that height (10,499 feet, or 3,200 meters), the ice is usually permanent, but 1991 had been an especially warm year. The mountain ice had melted more than usual and so the body had come to the surface.
It was lying face downward. The skeleton（骨架）was in perfect condition, except for a wound in the head. There was still skin on the bones and the remains of some clothes. The hands were still holding the wooden handle of an ax and on the feet there were very simple leather and cloth boots. Nearby was a pair of gloves made of tree bark（树皮）and a holder for arrows.
Who was this man? How and when had he died? Everybody had a different answer to the questions. Some people thought that it was from this century, perhaps the body of
a soldier who died in World War I. since veral soldiers had already been found in the area. A Swiss woman believed it might lie her father, who had died in tho mountains twenty years before and who body had never been found. The scientists who rushed to look at the body thought it was probably much older, maybe even a thousand years old.
With modern dating techniques, the scientists soon learned that the Iceman was about 5,300 years old. Born in about 3300 B.C．, he lived during the Bronze Age in Europe. At first scientists thought he was probably a hunter who had died from an accident in the high mountains. More recent evidence, however, tells a different story. A new kind of X-ray shows an arrowhead still stuck in his shoulder. It left only a tiny hole in his skin, but it caud internal damage and bleeding. He almost certainly died from this wound, and not from the wound on the back of his head. This means that he was probably in some kind of a battle. It may have been part of a larger war, or he may have been fighting bandits. He may even have been a bandit himlf.
By studying his clothes and tools, scientists have already learned a great deal from the Iceman a- bout the times he lived in. We may never know the full story of how he died, bu
t he has given us important clues to the history of tho distant times.
41．The body of the Iceman was found in the mountains mainly becau
A．two Germans were climbing the mountains.
B．the melted ice made him visible.
溜达的拼音C．he was lying on the ice.
D．he was just on a mountain pass.
42．What can be inferred from paragraph 2?
A．The Iceman was killed while working.
B．The Iceman could have died from the wound in the head.
C．The Iceman lived a poor life.
D．The Iceman was struck dead from behind.
43．All the following are assumptions once made about the Iceman EXCEPT
A．he was a soldier in World War I.
B．he was a Swiss woman’s long-lost father.
C．he was born about a thousand years ago.
D．he came from Italy.
44．The scientists made the deduction that the Iceman
A．was probably in some kind of a battle.
B．was hit in the shoulder by an arrowhead.
C．had got a wound on the back of his head.
个人防护措施D．had a tiny hole in his skin causing his death.
45．The word “bandits” in paragraph 4 could he best replaced by
A．soldiers.
B．hunters.
C．shooters.
D．robbers.
第三篇 Scientists Make Sweet Discovery
Good news for chocoholics: the treat preferred by millions all over the world is good for you, according to American rearchers at the University of California. Chocolate contain
s substances called flavonoids（类黄酮）that can help maintain a healthy heart and good circulation. The rearchers have discovered that cocoa acts like aspirin and that eating a bar of chocolate once in a while may contribute to a healthy diet. Chocolate has also been shown to relea endorphins（内啡肽）in the body: the chemicals help to reduce pain and stress and make you feel happy.
But who first discovered this wonderful way of keeping healthy? The Olmec Indians of Mexico and Central America were the first to grow cocoa beans, in about 1500 B.C. and the Mayas were drinking unsweetened cocoa hundreds of years before it became fashionable in Europe. The word chocolate comes from the Nahuatl word xocolali, which means “bitter water”.
In 1544, a delegation of Mayan nobles visited Philip of Spain and gave him jars of cocoa as a gift. Cocoa soon became fashionable in Spain and Portugal. The Spanish were the first to add sugar to their Cocoa drink. In the 17th century, chocolate was becoming fashionable with the middle-class, not only as a drink but also as a medicine.
By the middle of the century, solid chocolate was becoming familiar. In 1753, a Swedish s
cientist renamed cocoa theobroma or “food for the gods”. In 1765, James Baker and John Hanan opened the first chocolate mill in the United States, introducing chocolate to the average citizen. In 1876, in Switzerland, Daniel Peter had the idea of adding milk in the chocolate. Making process and produced the first milk chocolate.
Since then, chocolate has grown enormously in popularity. One of the biggest chocolate-eating nations is Britain where the average man, woman, and child eats nine kilos of chocolate a year! In fact, chocolate is the number one comfort food and there are more “chocoholics” in Britain than anywhere el in the world. Rearchers warn that although chocolate is good for you, it should be eaten in small quantities — and with no added milk.
41啄木鸟英文．Why is chocolate good for heart and circulation?
A．It reduces pain and stress.
B．It contains substances called flavonoids.
C．It releas endorphins in human body.
D．It acts like aspirin to protect heart.
42．When cocoa was first introduced into Europe, it soon became fashionable
A．as a drink.
B．as a gift.
C．as food.
D．as a medicine.
43．What did James Baker and John Hanan do about chocolate?
A．They produced the first milk chocolate.
B．They introduced chocolate to Europe.
C．They added sugar to make chocolate bars.
D．They made chocolate accessible to the average man.
44．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Chocolate contains substances that make people feel happy.
B．Chocolate is good for health if it is eaten with added milk.
C．Eating chocolate occasionally contributes to a healthy diet.
D．Chocolate is loved by millions of people worldwide.
45．What is the author’s tone about eating chocolate?
A．Ambiguous.
B．Negative.
C．Positive.
D．Humorous.
第5部分：补全短文（第46～50题，每题2分，共10分）
下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章面貌。
I Know Just How You Feel
Do you feel sad? Happy? Angry? You may think that the way you show the emotions is unique. Well, think again. Even the expression of the most personal feelings can be classified, according to Mind Reading, a DVD displaying every possible human emotion. It demonstrates 412 distinct ways in which we feel: the first visual dictionary of the human
heart.
Attempts to classify expressions began in the mid-1800s, when Darwin divided the emotions into six types — anger, fear, sadness, disgust, surpri and enjoyment. __________ (46) Every other feeling was thought to derive from Darwin’s small group. More complex expressions of emotion were probably learned and therefore more specific to each culture. But now it is believed that many more facial expressions are shared worldwide. __________ (47) The Mind Reading DVD is a systematic visual record of the expressions.
The project was conceived by a Cambridge professor as an aid for people with autism（孤独症）, who have difficulty both reading and expressing emotions. But it quickly became apparent that it had broader us. Actors and teachers, for example, need to understand a wide range of expressions. The professor and his rearch team first had to define an “emotion”. __________ (48) Using this definition, 1,512 emotion terms were identified and discusd. This list was eventually reduced to 412, from “afraid” to “wanting”.
Once the emotions were defined and classified, a DVD emed the clearest and most efficient way to display them. In Mind Reading, each expression is acted out by six different actors in three conds. __________ (49) The explanation for this is simple: we may find it difficult to describe emotions using words, but we instantly recognize one when we e it on someone’s face. “It was really clear when the actors had got it right,” says Cathy Collis, who directed the DVD．“Although they were given some direction,” says Ms Collis, “the actors were not told which facial muscles they should move. __________ (50) For example, when someone feels contempt, you can’t say for certain that their eyebrows always go down.
Someone who has tried to establish such rules is the American, Professor Paul Ekman, who has built a databa of how the face moves for every emotion. The face can make 43 distinct muscle movements called “action units”. The can be combined into more than 10,000 visible facial shapes. Ekman has written out a pattern of facial muscular movements to reprent each emotion.
A．We thought of trying to describe each emotion, but it would have been almost impossible to make clear rules for this.
B．教师产假请假条The particular muscles are difficult to control, and few people can do it.
C．Rearch has also been done to find out which areas of the brain read emotional expressions.
D．They decided that it was a mental state that could be preceded by “1 feel” or “he looks” or “she sounds".
E．He said that the expression of the feelings was universal and recognizable by anyone from any culture.
F．Any other method of showing all the 412 emotions, such as words, would have been far less effective.
第6部分：完形填空（第51～65题，每题1分，共15分）
下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
Obtaining Drinking Water Tram Air Humidity
Not a plant to be en, the dert ground is too dry. But the air contains water, and rearch scientists have found a __________ (51) of obtaining drinking water from air humidity.
“The process we have developed is bad exclusively on renewable energy sources __________ (52) thermal solar collectors and photovoltaic（光电的）cells, __________(53) makes this method completely energy-autonomous. It will__________(54) function in regions where there is no electrical infrastructure（基础设施）,” says Siegfried Egner, head of the rearch team. The principle of the __________(55) is as follows: hygroscopic(（吸湿的）brine（盐水）— saline（含盐的）solution which absorbs moisture—runs down a tower-shaped unit and absorbs water from the air. It is then sucked __________ (56) a tank a few meters off the ground in which a vacuum prevails. Energy from solar collectors __________ (57) up the brine, which is diluted by the water it has __________ (58).
Becau of the vacuum, the boiling point of the liquid is lower than it would be under __________ (59) Atmospheric pressure. The evaporated（蒸发的）, non-saline water is
condend and runs down through a completely filled tube in a controlled manner. The gravity of this water column __________ (60) produces the vacuum and so a vacuum pump is not needed. The reconcentrated brine __________ (61) down the tower surface again to absorb moisture from the air.
“The concept is suitable for various water __________ (62). Single-person units and plants supplying water to entire hotels are conceivable,” says Egner. Prototypes have been built for __________ (63) system components air moisture absorption and vacuum evaporation — and the rearch scientists have already __________ (64) their interplay on a laboratory scale. In a further __________ (65) the rearchers in-tend to develop a demonstration facility.
51．A．road B．channel C．way D．path
52．A．in spite of B．becau of C．as a result of D．such as
53．A．who B．where C．when D．which
54．A．meanwhile B．therefore C．however D．新女人花简谱still
55．A．prospect B．process C．progress D．product
56．A．from B．at C．above D．into
57．A．keeps B．brings C．Breaks D．heats
58．A．attracted B．affected C．allowed D．absorbed
59．A．normal B．Different C．easy D．available
60．A．continuously B．suddenly C．typically D．riously
61．A．takes B．puts C．flies D．runs
62．A．urs B．designers C．owners D．workers
63．A．both B．every C．same D．either
64．A．repaired B．cancelled C．tested D．copied
65．A．instrument B．step C．ca D．Ground
2010年职称英语等级考试真题参考答案（理工类A级）
1 C 2 D 3 C 4 A 5 A
6 C 7 A 8 B 9 D 10 C
11 C 12 A 13 A 14 A 15 D
16 A 17 C 18 B 19 B 20 A
21 B 22 C 23 D 24 A 25 C
26 F 27 B 28 F 29 E 30 C
31 A 32 D 33 C 34 A 35 B
36 B 37 B 38 D 39 A 40 D
41 B 42 A 43 D 44 B 45 C
46 E 47 A 48 D 49 F 50 B
51 C 52 D 53 D 54 B 55 B
56 D 57 D 58 D 59 A 60 A
61 D 62 A 63 A 64 C 65 B
其中：
第一部分：第1～15题，每题1分，共15分；
第二部分：第16～
