Standard Specifications for Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Materials (ACI 117-90) Reported by ACI Committee 117
S. Allen Face, III Thomas C. Heist Richard A. Kaden Ross Martin Peter Meza W. Robert Little
Chairman
Rusll S. Fling
Chairman, Editorial Subcommittee
Andrawos Morcos B. J. Pointer
Clark B. Morgan, Jr.Dean E. Stephan, Jr.*
Harry M. Palmbaum Eldon Tipping
William S. Phelan Carl S. Togni
Joe V. Williams, Jr.
峰怎么读This specification provides standard tolerances for concrete con-struction. This document is intended to be ud as the reference doc-ument for establishing tolerances for concrete construction by speci-fication writers and ACI committees writing Standards.
Keywords: bending (reinforcing steels); building codes; concrete construction; concrete piles; concretes; floors; formwork (construction); masonry; mass con-crete; piers; precast concrete; prestresd concrete; reinforcing steels; specifi-cations; splicing; standards; tolerances (mechanics).
FOREWORD
F1. This foreword is included for explanatory pur-pos only; it is not a part of Standard Specification 117.
F2. Standard Specification 117 is a Reference Stan-dard which the Architect/Engineer may cite in the Project Specifications for any construction project, to-gether with supplementary requirements for the spe-cific project.
This standard is not intended to apply to special structures not cited in the standard such as nuclear re-actors and containment vesls, bins and silos, and pre-stresd circular structures. It is also not intended to apply to the specialized construction procedure of shotcrete.
F3. Standard Specification 117 address each of the Three-Part Section Format of the Construction Speci-fications Institute, organized by structural elements, structural components and types of structures; the numbering system reflects this organization. The lan-guage is imperative and ter to preclude an alterna-tive.
F4. A Specification Checklist is included as a preface to, but not forming a part of, Standard Specification 117. The purpo of this Specification Checklist is to assist the Architect/Engineer in properly choosing and specifying the necessary mandatory and optional re-quirements for the Project Specification.
PREFACE TO SPECIFICATION CHECKLIST
P1. Standard Specification 117 is intended to be ud in its entirety by reference in the Project Specification.
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Individual ctions, articles, or paragraphs should not be copied into the Project Specifications since taking them out of context may change their meaning.
P2. Building codes establish minimum requirements
necessary to protect the public. Some of the require-ments in this Standard Specification may be more
stringent than the minimum in order to insure the level of quality and performance that the Owner expects the structure to provide. Adjustments to the needs of a particular project should be made by the Architect/En-gineer by reviewing each of the items in the Specifica-tion Checklist and then including the Architect/Engi-neer’s decision on each item as a mandatory require-ment in the Project Specifications.
P3. The mandatory requirements should designate the specific qualities, procedures, materials, and per-formance criteria for which alternatives are permitted or for which provisions were not made in the Standard Specification. Exceptions to the Standard Specification should be made in the Project Specifications, if re-quired.
P4. A statement such as the following will rve to make Standard Specification ACI 117 an official part of the Project Specifications:
Tolerances for Concrete Construction and Mate-
rials shall conform to all requirements of ACI 117,
Standard Specifications for Tolerances for Con-
crete Construction and Materials, published by the
American Concrete Institute, Detroit, Michigan,
except as modified by the requirements of the
Contract Documents.
Adopted as a Standard of the American Concrete Institute in November 1989 in accordance with the Institute’s standardization procedures.
Copyright © 1990, American Concrete Institute. All rights rerved, includ-ing the making of copies unless permission is obtained from the copyright pro-prietors.
*Chairman during initial development of this document.
117-1
117-2MANUAL OF CONCRETE PRACTICE
P5. The Specification Checklist that follows is ad-Checklist consists of two columns; the first identifies dresd to each item of the Standard Specification the ctions, parts, and articles of the Standard Speci-where the Architect/Engineer must or may make a fication and the cond column contains notes to the choice of alternatives; may add provisions if not indi-Architect/Engineer to indicate the type of action re-cated; or may take exceptions. The Specification quired by the Architect/Engineer.
MANDATORY SPECIFICATION CHECKLIST
Section/Part/Article Section 2 - Materials
2.2-Reinforcement Section 3 - Foundations
3.1.1 Drilled piers Section 4 - Cast-in-place concrete for buildings
4.5.4 Form offts
4.5.5 Floor finish
4.5.5.1 For Section 4.5.6
4.5.5.2 For Section 4.5.7
Notes to the Architect/Engineer
Tolerances for fabrication, placement, and lap splices for welded wire fabric must be specified by the specifier.
Specify category of caisson. The designer should be aware that the recom-mended vertical alignment tolerance of 1.5 percent of the shaft length indicated in Category B caissons is bad on experience in a wide variety of soil situations combined with a limited amount of theoretical analysis using the beam on elas-tic foundation theory and minimum assumed horizontal soil restraint. Designate class of surface (A, B, C, D):
Class A -For surfaces prominently expod to public view where appearance is of special importance.
Class B - Coar-textured concrete-formed surfaces intended to receive plas-ter, stucco, or wainscoting.
Class C - General standard for permanently expod surfaces where other fin-ishes are not specifie
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d.
Class D -Minimum quality surface where roughness is not objectionable, usu-ally applied where surfaces will be concealed.
Specify floor finish tolerance measurement method (either Section 4.5.6 or Sec-tion 4.5.7).
Designate floor classification (15/13; 20/15; 30/20; or, 50/30).
Designate maximum gap under a freestanding straightedge (1/2 in., 5/16 in., 3/16 in., or 1/8 in.).
OPTIONAL SPECIFICATION CHECKLIST
Section 1 - General
1.1.2 Scope
1.1.2 Scope 1.
2.3 Requirements Tolerance values affect construction cost. Specific u of a toleranced item may warrant less or more stringent tolerances than contained in the specification. Such variances must b
e individually designated by the specifier in the contract docu-ments.
Tolerances in this specification are for standard concrete construction and con-struction procedures. Specialized concrete construction or construction procedures require specifier to include specialized tolerances. AC1 committee documents cov-ering specialized construction may provide guidance on specialized tolerances. The tolerances in this Specification do not apply to special structures or procedures not cited in the document such as nuclear reactors and containment vesls, bins and silos, circular prestresd concrete tank structures and shotcrete.
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Where a specific application us multiply toleranced items that together yield a toleranced result, the specifier must analyze the tolerance envelope with respect to practical limits and design assumptions and specify its value where the standard tolerances values in this specification are inadequate or inappropriate.
TOLERANCES
OPTIONAL SPECIFICATION CHECKLIST, continued
Section 2 - Materials
2.2.3 Concrete cover
2.3.2 Embedded items
Section 3 - Cast-in-place
concrete for foundations
3.4.1.2 Footings
表演的英文
Section 4 - Cast-in-place
concrete for buildings
4.5.5 Floor finish
Section 5 - Precast
concrete
5.1.4 Camber
5.3 Planer
elements
CONTENTS Section 1 - General, p. 117-4 1.1 - Scope
1.2 - Requirements
1.3 - Definitions
Section 2 - Materials, p. 117-6 2.1 - Reinforcing steel fabrication
2.2 - Reinforcement placement
2.3 - Placement of embedded items 2.4 - Concrete batching
2.5 - Concrete properties The tolerance for reduction in cover in reinforcing steel may require a reduction in magnitude where the reinforced concrete is expod to chlorides or the environ-ment. Where possible excess cover or other protection of the reinforcing steel should be specified in lieu of reduced tolerance becau of the accuracy of locating reinforcing steel utilizing standard fabrication
accessories and installed procedures. Tolerance given is for general application. Specific design u of embedded items nay require the specifier to designate tolerances of reduced magnitude for various embedded items.
Plus tolerance for the vertical dimensions is not specified becau no limit is im-pod. Specifier must designate plus tolerance if desired.
The procedures for specifying and measuring floor finish tolerances t forth herein are not appropriate for narrow aisle warehou floors with defined traffic lanes de-signed for u by specialized wheeled equipment. Consult specific equipment man-ufacturers for their recommendations.
The tolerances for precast concrete are intended to apply to all types of precast concrete construction cast onsite (including tilt-up) and offsite except as t forth below. Variations to the tolerances may be advisable after consideration of panel size and construction techniques required.
Tolerances t forth herein are not intended to apply to plant production of pa-tented or copyrighted structural systems and/or elements. Designers, specifiers and contractors should contact the Licensors of such systems and/or products for ap-plicable tolerances.
For members with a span-to-depth ratio equal to or exceeding 30, the stated cam-ber tolerance may require special production measures and result in cost premi-ums. Where feasible, a greater tolerance magnitude should be utilized where the span-to-depth ratio is equal to or greater than 30.
Industrial precast products may not conform to the planar tolerances. Manufac-turers should be consulted for appropriate tolerances for their products.
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Section 3 - Foundations, p. 117-8 3.1 - Vertical alignment
3.2 - Lateral alignment
3.3 - Level alignment
3.4 - Cross-ctional dimensions
3.5 - Relative alignment
117-3 Section 4 - Cast-in-place concrete for buildings, p. 117-9
4.1 - Vertical alignment
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4.2 - Lateral alignment
4.3 - Level alignment
4.4 - Cross-ctional dimensions
4.5 - Relative alignment
4.6 - Openings through members
Section 5 - Precast concrete, p. 117-10
5.1 - Fabrication tolerances in linear elements except piles
5.2 - Fabrication tolerances for piles
5.3 - Fabrication tolerances in planar elements
5.4 - Erection tolerances
Section 6 - Masonry, p. 117-11
6.1 - Vertical alignment
6.2 - Lateral alignment
6.3 - Level alignment
117-4 MANUAL OF CONCRETE PRACTICE
6.4 - Cross-ctional dimensions
6.5 - Relative alignment
Section 7 - Cast-in-place, vertically slipformed structures, p. 117-11
7.1 - Vertical alignment
7.2 - Lateral alignment
7.3 - Cross-ctional dimensions
7.4 - Relative alignment
Section 8 - Mass concrete structures other than buildings, p. 117-11
8.1 - Vertical alignment
8.2 - Lateral alignment
8.3 - Level alignment
8.4 - Relative alignment
Section 9 - Canal lining, p. 117-11
9.1 - Lateral alignment
9.2 - Level alignment
9.3 - Cross-ctional dimensions
Section 10 - Monolithic siphons and culverts, p. 117-11
10.1 - Lateral alignment
10.2 - Level alignment
10.3 - Cross-ctional dimensions
Section 11 - Cast-in-place bridges, p. 117-12 11.1 - Vertical alignment
11.2 - Lateral alignment
11.3 - Level alignment
11.4 - Cross-ctional dimensions
11.5 - Relative alignment
Section 12 - Pavement and sidewalks, p. 117-12 12.1 - Lateral alignment
12.2 - Level alignment
Section 13 - Chimneys and cooling towers, p. 117-12
13.1 - Vertical alignment
13.2 - Diameter
13.3 - Wall thickness
Section 14 - Cast-in-place nonreinforced pipe, p. 117-12
14.1 - Wall thickness
14.2 - Pipe diameter
14.3 - Offts
14.4 - Surface Indentations
SECTION 1 - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1.1 - Scope
1.1.1 This specification designates standard toler-ances for concrete construction.
1.1.2 The indicated tolerances govern unless other-wi specified.
1.2 - Requirements
1.2.1 Concrete construction shall meet the specified tolerances.
1.2.2 Tolerances shall not extend the structure be-yond legal boundaries.
1.2.3 Tolerances are not cumulative. The most re-strictive tolerance controls.
1.2.4 Plus ( + ) tolerance increas the amount or di-mension to which it applies, or rais a level alignment. Minus ( - ) tolerance decreas the amount or dimen-sion to which it applies, or lowers a level alignment. A nonsigned tolerance means + or - . Where only one signed tolerance is specified (+ or - ), there is no limit in the other direction.
1.3 - Definitions
Arris - The line, edge, or hip in which two straight or curved surfaces of a body, forming an exterior an-gle, meet; a sharp ridge, as between adjoining channels of a Doric column.
Bowing - The displacement of the surface of a planar element from a plane passing through any three corners of the element.
Clear distance - In reinforced concrete, the least distance between the surface of the reinforcement
and the referenced surface, i.e., the form, adjacent rein-forcement, embedment, concrete, or other surface. Concealed surface - Surface not subject to visual obrvation during normal u of the element. Contract documents - The project contract, the project drawings, and the project specifications. Cover - In reinforced concrete, the least distance between the surface of the reinforcement and the outer surface of the concrete.
Flatness - The degree to which a surface approxi-mates a plane.
Lateral alignment - The location relative to a spec-ified horizontal line or point in a horizontal plane. Level alignment - The location relative to a speci-fied horizontal plane. When applied to roadways, bridge decks, slabs, ramps, or other nominally hori-zontal surfaces established by elevations, level align-ment is defined as the vertical location of the surface relative to the specified profile grade and specified cross slope.
Levelness - The degree to which a line or surface parallels horizontal.
Precast linear element - Beam, column, or similar unit.
Precast planar element - Wall panel, floor panel, or similar unit.
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Project Specifications - The building specifications which employ ACI 117 by reference, and which rve as the instrument for making the mandatory and optional lections available under the and for specifying items not covered herein.
Relative alignment - The distance between two or more elements in any plane, or the distance between adjacent elements, or the distance between an element and a defined point or plane.
Spiral - As ud in circular stave silo construction, is defined as the distortion that results when the staves are misaligned so that their edges are inclined while their outer faces are vertical. The resulting asmbly
