六、推理判断——写作意图题
(2018·北京，C)
Plastic-Eating Worms
Humans produce more than 300 million tons of plastic every year.Almost half of that winds up in landfills(垃圾填埋场)，and up to 12 million tons pollute the oceans.So far there is no e
ffective way to get rid of it，but a new study suggests an answer may lie in the stomachs of some hungry worms.
Rearchers in Spain and England recently found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break down polyethylene，which accounts for 40% of plastics.The team left 100 wax worms on a commercial polyethylene shopping bag for 12 hours，and the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams，or almost 3% of it.To confirm that the worms’ chewing alone was not responsible for the polyethylene breakdown，the rearchers made some worms into paste(糊状物) and applied it to plastic films.14 hours later the films had lost 13% of their mass—apparently broken down by enzymes(酶) from the worms’ stomachs.Their findings were published in Current Biology in 2017.
Federica Bertocchini，co-author of the study，says the worms’ ability to break down their
酱猪肘everyday food—beeswax—also allows them to break down plastic.“Wax is a complex mixture，but the basic bond in polyethylene，the carbon-carbon bond，is there as well，” she explains.“The wax worm evolved a method or system to break this bond.”
Jennifer DeBruyn，a microbiologist at the University of Tenne，who was not involved in the study，says it is not surprising that such worms can break down polyethylene.But compared with previous studies，she finds the speed of breaking down in this one exciting.The next step，DeBruyn says，will be to identify the cau of the breakdown.Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itlf or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)?
Bertocchini agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help employ the enzyme to break down plastics in landfills.But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply “millions of worms thrown on top of the plastic.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了一项科学发现：一种吃塑料的虫子——大蜡螟，它胃中的酶能够降解塑料，从而为人们解决塑料污染问题提供新的途径。 |
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殊途同归的
43.What can we learn about the worms in the study?
A.They take plastics as their everyday food.
B.They are newly evolved creatures.
C.They can consume plastics.
D.They wind up in landfills.
答案 C
李宇春下个路口见解析 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“...found that the worms of the greater wax moth can break ”和第二句中的“the worms consumed and broke down about 92 milligrams”可知，研究人员在研究中发现大蜡螟蠕虫可以分解塑料中的聚乙烯，显然也可以分解垃圾中的塑料，与选项C中提到的“吃塑料”吻合。
44.According to Jennifer DeBruyn，the next step of the study is to .
环境变化A.identify other means of the breakdown
春节贺卡怎么画
B.find out the source of the enzyme
C.confirm the rearch findings
D.increa the breakdown speed
答案 B
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后两句“The Is it an enzyme produced by the worm itlf or by its gut microbes(肠道微生物)？”可知，接下来人们需要证实的就是酶是从哪里产生的。选项B “查明酶的来源”与此吻合。
45.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that the chemical might .
A.help to rai worms
B.help make plastic bags
C.be ud to clean the oceans
D.be produced in factories in future
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句“But she expects using the chemical in some kind of industrial process—not simply ‘millions ’”可知，研究人员期望在某种工业流程中使用这种化学制品，而不仅仅是把数百万的虫子扔到塑料上。这与选项D中提到的“今后工厂可能生产这种化学制品”吻合。
46.What is the main purpo of the passage?
A.To explain a study method on worms.
B.To introduce the diet of a special worm.
C.To prent a way to break down plastics.
D.To propo new means to keep eco-balance.
答案 C
解析 写作意图题。作者通过本文介绍了一项消除塑料垃圾的研究，显然是为人们提供了一条清除塑料垃圾的新途径。选项C与此意吻合。
一、题型解读
各种话题的阅读材料都可能考查写作目的/意图题。设问形式常有：
1.整篇文章的写作目的/意图：
(1)The writer writes this passage in order to .
(2)The purpo of the text is to 三七通舒胶囊的功效与作用 .
(3)What is the main purpo of the passage?
(4)The writer of the story wants to tell us that .
2.某处细节的写作目的/意图：
(1)The in the first paragraph to .
(2)The writer us the .
(3)The author writes the last paragraph in order to .
二、解题技巧
1.文体特点推意图
音乐的英文形容词(1)记叙文：一般会在首段或尾段出现高度概括的总结性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有的叙述都是围绕该哲理展开的。
(2)应用文：文章中有对某种物品或服务的详尽介绍，使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。
(3)说明文：写作目的有赖于对文章主旨的把握，阅读时需要找准主题句。
(4)议论文：提出论点——进行论证——得出结论，作者的意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。
2.看写作手法找答案
(1)在文章开头提出问题或介绍与主题有关的其他事物时答案中往往会含有to bring in/to introduce the topic等字眼。
(2)举例或引用某人的话时答案中往往会含有to support/
例如：【真题感悟】中的第46题，文章为说明文，主要介绍了一项新的研究发现——蠕虫可以分解塑料。因此可以推断该篇文章的写作意图是告诉读者一种新的分解塑料的方法。
A
温暖相伴
(2018·天津部分区县二模)
Are you sick of going to bed late and waking up tired? Then grab your hiking boots and a tent.A new study suggests that a couple days of camping in the great outdoors can ret your circadian clock and help you get more sleep.
