3．1隐喻
3．1．1 动词型。
一些从名词转类或零位派生来的动词含有很强的形象或意象，这是由于原来的名词就是具体的人和事。
[1] Joint ventures involving Western and Japane companies often run into conflicts---a multitude of little things that escalate猫咪博物馆 into big emotional battles. (《21世纪大学英语第三册》) 西方和日本公司背景的合资公司经常陷入冲突-----无数的小事升级为大的伤感情的斗争。
[2] Some priests, nuns and rearchers spend a great deal of time shepherding or obrving shopping-bag ladies and are doing what they can to better the life of the lady hermits who are down. 《大学英语(第三册)》一些牧师、修女和研究者花了大量时间照顾或观察无家可归的购物袋女士，并尽其所能以改善这些贫困的女隐士的生活。
[3] I mean all of us. A lot of naked animals who attach such great importance to
staying alive that they claw their neighbors to death just for the privilege.《大学英语(第三册中国传统节日作文)》 我说的是所有人。一批赤裸裸的动物，视活命为头等大事，竟不惜为此将邻居置于死地。
[4] Government investigators have evidence that as much as a billion dollars in deposits siphoned off in the massive savings and loan scandal has been transferred to cret bank accounts in Switzerland, Panama, the Cayman Islands and the Pacific island-nation Nauru. The money may never be recovered becau officials in the nations are stonewalling all attempts to trace the sources of the deposits. (范家材《英语修辞赏析》)政府调查员有证据证明，在这次公众储蓄和贷款丑闻中，多达10亿美元储蓄被抽走，转入瑞士、巴拿马、开曼群岛和太平洋岛国瑙鲁的秘密银行帐户中。这些钱可能永远也无法追回，因为这些国家的官员对追查这些存款来源的所有举动百般阻挠。
[5] To push responsibility down in your organization, and to force good ideas to bubble up within it, you must listen to what your associates are trying to tell you. (Sam Walton: R
unning a Succesful Company: Ten Rules that Worked for Me)若要在你的组织里贯彻推行责任，使优秀的创意不断涌现，你必须倾听同事要对你说的话。
[6] We can have a future that provides for all the young of the prent, by marrying common n and compassion. 我们通过将常识与同情相结合，能够拥有一个为现在所有的年轻人提供的未来。
[7] It is not that I don’t wish them fame and fortune, especially the niors as they lurch toward graduation, more stuffed with learning and short of money than they probably ever will be again. （William Zinsr：Letter From Home）并不是我不希望他们拥有功名利禄，尤其对于即将毕业的大四学生，他们饱读诗书却囊中羞涩，也许今后将永远不会这样了。
stuffed一般和枕头芯子，废报纸，零碎小钱以及食品填料。 这里用这个词表明了作者的观点：课本知识不是总是有用的。同样lurch给人的形象是步履蹒跚，隐射了学生的学习是多么艰难，摇摇晃晃走向毕业。
[8] Kim-Chi is part of a tidal wave of bright, highly-motivated Asian-Americans who are suddenly梦见下 surging into our best colleges. Although Asian-Americans make up only 2.4 percent of the nation’s population, they constitute 17.1 percent of the undergraduates at Harvard, 18 percent at the Massachutts Institute of Technology and 27.3 percent at the University of California at Berkeley.(Fox Butterfield: Why They Excel)一批聪明、动机强烈的亚裔美国人突然纷纷涌入我们最好的大学，形成了一股热潮，金枝就是他们中的一员。尽管亚裔美国人仅占国家总人口的2.4%，但他们占哈佛本科生的17.1%，占麻省理工学院本科生的18%，占加州大学柏克利分校的27.3%。
[9] The fault is not with our children, but with the narrowness of the flowerbed in which we expect them to germinate. We are stunting their growth if we tell them that there is only one ”right” way to get through their education or to get through life. （William Zinsr: Letter From Home）我们的孩子并没有错，只是我们期待他们发芽的花圃太窄了。如果我们告诉他们接受教育或度过人生只有一个惟一“正确”的道路，我们是阻碍他们的成长。
[10] Our cities pul with vitality and diversity. It is there that so much astonishing individual achievement flowers. But it can 烬天赋blossom only in an orderly social system that allows our people to plan for the future and compete for the bounty that surrounds us. 我们城市的脉搏充满活力，多姿多彩。就在这里，诸多惊人的个人成就如鲜花般盛开生育计划，但它只能在一个有序的社会体系中才能绽放，这个社会体系允许人们为将来做打算，并为我们四周的奖励展开竞争。
[11] Successful students sometimes become so obsd with grades that they never enjoy their school years. They never branch out into tempting new areas, becau they don’t want to risk their grade-point average.(Fredelle Maynard: Turning Failure into Success) 有时候，成功的学生被分数所困扰，根本无法快乐度过学生时代。他们从不分心去尝试新的领域，因为他们不想拿分数来冒险。
[12] Vice president George Bush returned to this old stamping ground here in early May-----striving to defu立陶宛英文 a crisis in U.S.-Chine relations (U.S. News and World Report May 17,1982) 副总统乔治·布什于五月初旧地重游――以努力解除美中关系的危机。
[13] While the party dithers, the economy 两个转变withers. (The Economist May 22, 1982) 党派犹豫了，经济就滑坡了。
[14] The energy, the faith, the devotion which we bring to this endeavor will light our country and all who rve it ---and the glow from that fire can truly light the world. 能量、信念以及我们对这项事业的投入将照亮我们的国家和所有为这项事业服务的人------ 这团火的光芒的确能够照亮整个世界
用了light, 就是把the energy 等比喻成明灯。
[15] A new play by the Peking people’s Art Troupe ems to be successfully navigating between bourgeois decadence and card board socialist realism. (The Economist March, 1983) 北京人民艺术剧团的这出新戏看起来很成功地游离于资本主义的颓废和纸上社会主义的现实主义之间。
3．1．2名词型：
1）N1 + of + N2，即N1是喻体，N2是本体。也就是说把N2 比喻成 N1如:
[1] I'm not saying that we haven't done a great deal already to lift the veil of shame around the subject of rape. But it's still there. 祝愿未来美好的句子我并不是说，在揭开围绕着强奸这个话题的害羞的面纱方面，我们没有做很多努力。问题是这面纱还在那儿。
