第十一讲 阅读理解之观点态度题
【考点说明】
阅读理解之观点态度题在考试中考察得比重不大，在有传统阅读题型的联盟考试（复旦千分考、北约、卓越同盟）中，一般观点态度题不超过一道题，有时不会出现，如复旦07年考了两道，但08年没有考察此类题型，09年再次出现。尽管这类题所占比重不大，掌握考试技巧也是必备的。
【题型特点分析】
通常作者的观点或者态度往往会在文章的措辞、文体和结构中得以反映。大多数文章采取比较客观和实事求是的态度，其写作意图是向读者提供信息。但有时会在文章中表现出一些个人的感情色彩，或批评，或讽刺，或感叹。要做对这类题，必须正确理解作者的真正观点，同时还要正确地推断作者的语气、态度，弄清作者写这篇文章的目的，作者的态度是肯定还是否定，以及文中的事实论据是否支持作者的论点等。同时还必须体会作者的用词和其它修辞手段，例如比喻和讽刺。
常见的题干表现形式有：
It’s the author’s view that…
What is the author’s attitude toward …?
The author’如何煲鸡汤s attitude toward… could be described as…
Which of the following best describes the author’s tone in the passage?
【解题技巧】
1. 阅读时注意区分不同的文体。议论文中，文章的主题句往往会暗示作者的态度，而记叙文则会通过描述性的语言表达作者的某种倾向。
2. 推断分析作者态度或观点时，还需要结合文章的中心思想或主旨，尤其要找出作者的观点。
3. 文章中会有许多能够表达作者观点的具有感情色彩（如褒义词或贬义词）的词语，这些词语在一定程度上是作者态度的反映。如果文章中出现较多的褒义词，那作者的态度可能是正面的；相反，如果文中出现了较多的贬义词，那么作者的观点可能就是负面的。
4. 常见表示支持、赞同的词汇包括：
positive 肯定的，积极的；favorable 赞成的；approval 赞成的；enthusiastic 热情的；optimistic 乐观的；appreciative 欣赏的。
新年gif5. 常见表示反对、否定的词汇包括：
negative 消极的，否定的；critical 批判的；disapproving 不赞同的；cynical 愤世嫉俗的；scornful 批判的；pessimistic 悲观的。
6. 常见表示客观、中立的词汇包括：
neutral 中立的；impartial 无偏见的；impersonal 没有个人喜好的；objective 客观的。
备注：有些考察作者观点态度的题目选项中给出的不是评价态度的词汇，而是一些句子，
其实表达目的是相似的，如：
The attitude of the author is that ______.
A. she hates a tradition of all-women schools
B. she calls on women in support of the protest
C. she dislikes the change and hopes to file a lawsuit
D. she objectively describes the new and uneasy coeducation
A选项中的hate显然表明作者的态度是反对的，B选项的call on sb. in support of表明作者的态度是支持的，C选项的dislike表示作者的态度是不喜欢，比A选项的hate程度稍微弱些，D选项的objectively是关键词，属于上面第六点提到的内容，表明作者客观中立的态度。因此，大家要学会灵活识别态度表达方式，可以是单词，可以是短语，也可以是句子。
【典例精讲】曹文轩的书
A
成长的滋味作文500字
The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s when packaged food first appeared with the label "store in the refrigerator".
In my fridgeless fifties childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily, the grocer, the butcher, the baker, and the ice-cream man delivered two or three times a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday and surplus bread and milk became all kinds of cakes. Nothing was wasted, and we were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have cead, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country.
The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food prervation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed: natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting, sugaring, bottling ...
What refrigeration did promote was marketing —煮虾用什么调料 marketing hardware and electricity怎么提取图片上的文字, marketing soft drinks, marketing dead bodies of animals around the globe in arch of a good price.
种树图片
Conquently, most of the world's fridges are to be found, not in the tropics where they might prove uful, but in the wealthy countries with mild temperatures where they are climatically almost unnecessary. Every winter, millions of fridges hum away continuously, and at vast expen, busily maintaining an artificially-cooled space inside an artificially-heated hou — while outside, nature provides the desired temperature free of charge.
The fridge's effect upon the environment has been evident, while its contribution to human happiness has been insignificant. If you don't believe me, try it yourlf, invest in a food cabinet and turn off your fridge next winter. You may miss the hamburgers, but at least you'll get rid of that terrible hum.
Q投诉管理办法: What is the author's overall attitude toward fridges?
A. Neutral. B. Critical. C. Objective. D. Compromising.
【答案】B
【解析】这是一篇讲述冰箱给人们生活带来变化以及作者使用冰箱的想法的文章。文章虽
然—开始就说The fridge is considered a necessity，但作者也迅速在第二段表明In my fridgeless fifties childhood，I was fed well and healthily，并回忆了当年没有冰箱的生活。第三段的第一句The invention of the fridge contributed comparatively little to the art of food prervation也明显带有作者的观点。全文的诸多细节都可以看出作者的态度是批评的。
B
Engineering students are suppod to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education, I am an idealist and a fool. In high school, I wanted to be an electrical engineer and of cour, any nsible student with my aims would have chon a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and rearch equipment. But that's not what I did.
I cho to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university that doesn't even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and
a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren't studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praid me for such a nsible choice. They told me I was wi and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.
