翻译网站unit5

更新时间:2023-07-07 13:35:32 阅读：评论：0

Unit 5

			Conversion

	Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述
	Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练
	I. Conversion in English-Chine Translation 英译汉的常用词类转换形
	II. Conversion in Chine-English Translation 汉译英的词类转换
	Reflections and Practice 思考与练习
		BACK
		单元要点概述

		实用翻译训练英译汉：Enchantment of the South Sea Islands

		实用翻译训练汉译英：泼水节

		I. 英译汉的常用词类转换形式
		1. 各种词类转换成动词 2. 各种词类转换成名词
		3. 各种词类转换成形容词 4. 各种词类转换成副词
		5. 英译汉句子成分的转换
		II. 汉译英的词类转换
		1. 将动词转换为名词、形容词、介词、副词等
		2. 其他一些词类之间的转换

		本单元讲解、归纳了翻译中的词类转换和句子成分的转换问题。

		在翻译过程中，由于两种语言在语法和表达习惯上的差异，我们有时必须改变原文某些词语的词类或句子成分才能有效地传达出原文的准确意思。汉语是一种动词显著的语言，因此英译汉的词类转换最重要的一项就是将英语的各种词类转换成汉语动词。此外，词类转换也包括各种词类转换成名词、形容词、副词等操作方法技巧。句子成分的转换包括主语与宾语之间的相互转换；主语转换为谓语、状语等。

		由于汉语句式中动词的使用频率大大超过英语，因此，要使译文符合英语的习惯表达法，就得将汉语中的大量动词转换为名词、形容词、介词、副词等。除动词转换之外，汉译英也涉及其他一些词类的转换。

		Practical Translation Training

		1. English-Chine Translation

		Enchantment of the South Sea Islands

		The mighty Pacific washes the shores of five continents-North America, South America，Asia，Australia，and Antarctica. Its waters mingle in the southeast with the Atlantic Ocean and in the southwest with the Indian Ocean. It is not on the shores of continents，nor in the coastal islands，however, that the soul of the great Pacific is found. It lies far out where the fabled South Sea Islands are scattered over the huge ocean like stars in the sky.

		Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caud mountains and volcanoes to ri above the water. For hundreds of years tiny coral creatures have worked and died to make thousands of ring-shaped islands called atolls.

		The air that sweeps the South Sea Islands is fragrant with flowers and spice. Bright warm days follow clear cool nights, and the rolling swells break in a never-ending roar on the shores. Overhead the slender coconut palms whisper their drowsy song.

		When white men fast came to the Pacific Islands，they found that the people living there were like happy children. They were tall men and beautiful women who emed not to have a care in the world. Coconut palms and breadfruit trees grew at the doors of their huts. The ocean was filled with turtles and fish，ready for the net. The islanders had little need for clothing. There was almost no dia.

		Cruel and bloody wars sometimes broke out between neighboring tribes，and canoe raids were sometimes made on nearby islands. The strong warriors enjoyed fighting. Many of the islanders were cannibals，who cooked and ate the enemies they killed. This was part of their law and religion. The savages，however，were usually friendly，courteous，and hospitable. Some of the early explorers were so fascinated with the Pacific Islands that they never returned to their own countries. They preferred to stay.

		Notes and Explanations

		1. the South Sea Islands南太平洋诸岛，South Sea南半球诸海洋的，南太平洋的
		2. wash v. 波涛冲洗、拍打
		3. mingle with混合，汇合；注意此句中方位的表达顺序
		4. fabled a.虚构的，富有神奇色彩的
		5. atoll n. 环状珊瑚岛，环礁
		6. worked and died 繁衍、死亡
		7. rolling swells 滚滚巨浪；注意此句翻译中所采用的词类转换的技巧
		8. drowsy song催眠曲
		9. filled with turtles and fish, ready for the net 鱼盆成群，张网可得
		10. canoe raid 乘独木舟进行攻击；注意此句中将被动语态转为主动的翻译方法
		11. cannibal n.吃人的人

		2. Chine-English Translation

		泼水节

		泼水是傣族新年的主要喜庆活动。人们互相泼水，表示洗去身上一年的尘垢，迎接新一年的到来。泼水有文泼和武泼之分。文泼是对长者的泼法，舀起一勺水，一边说着祝福的话，一边拉开长者的衣领，将水顺着领口往下浇。被泼的人欣然接受对方的祝福。武泼则没有固定的形式，用飘、用盆、用桶都可以，互相追逐，劈头盖脸地泼。被人泼的水越多，说明受到的祝福越多，被泼的人也越高兴。

		Notes and Explanations

		1. 泼水 water splashing
		2. 新年的主要喜庆活动 the main New Year celebration activity
		3. 洗去尘垢 wash off the dust and dirt
	超微主板	4. 文泼 / 武泼gentle splashing/fierce splashing
		5. 舀水 ladle some water
		6. 欣然接受祝福 accepts it with good grace
		7. 互相追逐 run after each other
		8. 劈头盖脸 face to face，head-on

		Conversion，one of the commonly adopted translation techniques，means the change of parts of speech in translation. Owing to the syntactical differences between English and Chine，it is usually impossible for a translator to keep to the original part of speech in the process of translation. For example：

		Original English：

		This watch never varies more than a cond in a month.

		Chine Version:

		这块表一个月的误差从不超过一秒钟。

		The English verb "vary" can hardly be rendered into Chine by the same part of speech without spoiling the original meaning. As a matter of fact，a word belonging to a certain part of speech in one language sometimes has to be converted into a different part of speech，so as to bring forth a readable and coherent ntence. And here are more instances from the above Practical Translation Training：

		● The mighty Pacific washes the shores of five continents. 太平洋气势磅礴，滚滚波涛拍打着五洲海岸。
		● Here great disturbances at the heart of the earth caud mountains and volcanoes to ri above the water. 在那里，由于地心引力的剧烈运动，一道道山脉、一座座火山升出水面。凤凰于飞简谱
		● Bright warm days follow clear cool nights. 白日明媚温暖，夜晚清澈凉爽。
		● The ocean was filled with turtles and fish，ready for the net. 海洋里鱼鳖成群，张网可得。
		● Cruel and bloody wars sometimes broke out between neighboring tribes. 邻近部落之间有时会爆发残酷的血战。

		I. Conversion in English-Chine Translation

		Generally speaking，conversion of parts of speech in English-Chine translation takes the following forms.

		1. Conversion Into Verbs

		One of the most remarkable differences between English and Chine syntax is the u of the verb. It is taken for granted that an English ntence contains no more than one predicate verb，while in Chine it is not unusual to have clusters of verbs in a simple ntence. Take the following ntence for example.

		Original English：

		Families upstairs have to cant' pails to the hydrant downstairs for water.

		Chine Version：

		住在楼上的人家得提着水桶去楼下的水龙头打水。

		Five verbs are clustered in the Chine version for an English simple ntence. This indicates obviously that in English-Chine translation the conversion of English words of various parts of speech into Chine verbs is a matter of common occurrence.

		1）Nouns Converted into Verbs

		● The sight and sound of our jet planes filled me with special longing. 看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的机声，我感到心驰神往。
		● Rockets have found application for the exploration of the univer. 火箭已被用来探索宇宙。
		● I think my little brother is a better teacher than I. 我认为我的小弟弟比我教得好。
		2）Prepositions Converted into Verbs
		● "Coming" Away she skimmed over the lawn, up the path, up the steps, across the verandah, and into the porch. “来啦！”她转身蹦跳着越过草地，跑上小径，跨上台阶，穿过凉台，进了门廊。
		● Party officials worked long hours on meager food，in cold caves, by dim lamps. 党的干部每天长时间工作，吃的是粗茶淡饭，住的是冰冷的窑洞，点的是黯淡的油灯。
		● A force is needed to move an object against inertia. 为使物体克服惯性而运动，就需要一个力。

边防学院		3) Adjectives Converted into Verbs

		Many English adjectives after a link verb indicating one's consciousness, feelings, emotions, desires, etc. , are always converted into Chine verbs. The words include: confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious, grateful, able, etc.

		● Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. 医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。
		● The fact that she was able to nd a message was a hint. But I had to be cautious. 她能够给我带个信儿这件事就是个暗示。但是我必须小心谨慎。
		● Both of the substances are soluble in water. 两种物质都能溶于水。

		4) Adverbs Converted into Verbs

		● As he ran out, he forgot to have his shoes on. 他跑出去时，忘记了穿鞋。
		● When the switch is off, the circuit is open and electricity doesn't go through. 当开关断开时，电路就形成开路，电流不能通过。
		● In this ca the temperature in the furnace is up. 这种情况下，炉温就升高。

		2. Conversion into Nouns

		Nouns account for an overwhelming part of the vocabulary both in Chine and in English. Conversion between nouns and other parts of speech is also frequently adopted in English-Chine translation.

		1）Verbs Converted into Nouns

		Some verbs that are derived from nouns can hardly be translated literally so they are usually converted into nouns.

		● Such materials are characterized by good insulation and high resistance to wear. 这些材料的特点是：绝缘性好，耐磨性强。
		● To them, he personified the absolute power. 在他们看来，他就是绝对权力的化身。
		● The design aims at automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity.设计的目的在于自动操作，调节方便，维护简易，生产率高。

		2）Adjectives Converted into Nouns

		Adjectives with the definite articles to indicate categories of people, things, or adjectives ud as predicative to indicate the nature of things may also be converted into nouns.

		● They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.他们尽了最大的努力帮助病号和伤员。
		● Both the compounds are acids, the former is strong, tire latter weak. 这两种化合物都是酸，前者是强酸，后者是弱酸。
		● In the fission process the fission fragments are very radioactive. 在裂变过程中，裂变碎片具有强烈的放射性。

		3）Pronouns Converted into Nouns

		English pronouns are more frequently ud than Chine pronouns. In order to make clear what they really refer to, we sometimes have to convert them into nouns, i. e., to repeat the nouns that they stand for.

		● Radio waves are similar to light waves except that their wavelength is much greater. 无线电波与光波相似，但无线电波的波长要长得多。
		● The specific resistance of iron is not so small as that of copper. 铁的电阻系数不如铜的电阻系数那样小。
		● The result of this experiment is much better than tho of previous ones. 这次实验的结果比前几次的实验结果都好得多。

		3. Conversion into Adjectives

		In English-Chine translation there are some circumstances in which various other parts of speech in English can be converted into Chine adjectives.

		1) Nouns Converted into Adjectives

		Sometimes it is more convenient for a translator to convert an English noun into a Chine adjective.

		● The pallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。
		● This experiment was a success. 这个实验很成功。
		● Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. 学习中的独立思考是绝对必须的。

		2) Adverbs Converted into Adjectives

		English adverbs are ud more extensively than Chine adverbs; and many of them can be converted into Chine adjectives.

		● Earthquakes are cloly related to faulting. 地震与地层断裂有密切的关系。
		● It is demonstrated that gas are perfectly elastic. 人们已经证实，气体具有理想的弹性。
		● The pressure inside equals the pressure outside. 内部的压力和外部的压力相等。Not only can English adverbs be converted into Chine adjectives，but also into nouns occasionally.
		● He is physically weak but mentally sound. 他身体虽弱，但心智健全。

		4. Conversion into Adverbs

		sometimes，for the sake of convenience，some parts of speech in English may be converted into Chine adverbs in English-Chine translation.

		1) Adjectives Converted into Adverbs

		This is the most common ca when a noun modified by an adjective is converted into a verb in the Chine version. Sometimes，it is just for the sake of convenience.

		● Below 4℃，water is in continuous expansion instead of continuous contraction. 水在4摄氏度以下就不断地膨胀，而不是不断地收缩。
		● Only when we study their properties can we make better u of the materials. 只有研究这些材料的特性才能更好地利用它们。
		● A helicopter is free to go almost anywhere. 直升飞机几乎可以自由地飞到任何地方去。

		2）Nouns and Verbs Converted into Adverbs

		This conversion is adopted to make the version conform to the idiomatic Chine expression.

		● I have the honor to inform you that your request is granted. 我荣幸地通知您，您的请求已得到批准。
		● The new mayor earned some appreciation by the courtesy of coming to visit the city poor. 新市长有礼貌地前来访问城市贫民，获得了他们的一些好感。
		● Rapid evaporation at the heating-surface tends to make the steam wet.加热面上的迅速蒸发，往往使蒸汽的湿度变大。

	落马高官	5. Conversion of Sentence Elements

		Conversion in a broader n includes the conversion of the "active voice" into the "passive"（which is to be elaborated parately in Unit 7）．Sometimes, it may involve the change of various elements of a ntence, such as from the subject to the object, and vice versa. For example:
	爱国主义书籍
		● As the match bums, heat and light are given off. 火柴燃烧时发出光和热。（from the subject to the object）
		● This sort of stone has a relative density of 2. 7. 这种石头的相对密度是2.7。（from the object to the subject）
		● Care must be taken at all times to protect the instrument from dust and damp. 应当始终注意保护仪器，不使其沾染灰尘和受潮。（from the subject to the predicate）
		● Careful comparison of them will show you the difference. 只要仔细把它们比较一下，你就会发现不同之处。（from the subject to the adverbial, from the object to the subject）
		● The baby doubled its weight in a year. 婴儿的体重一年中长了一倍。（from the subject to the attributive）
		● She behaves as if she were a child. 她的举止像是个孩子。（from the predicate to the subject）
		● The test is intended to reinforce what you have learnt in the past few weeks. 本次测验的目的是，强化你们过去几周内所学的知识。(from the predicate to the predicative)
		● Mathematics is well taught at that school. 那个学校的数学教得好。〔from the adverbial to the subject〕

		II. Conversion in Chine - English Translation

		1. Verbs Converted into Other Parts of Speech

		Conversion is also a common practice in Chine-English translation. As mentioned above，the Chine language abounds with verbs and its ntences are comparatively short and straightforward. When translated into English，many Chine verbs have to be converted into other parts of speech such as nouns，adjectives，prepositions or prepositional phras，and so on. For example：

		Original Chine：

		“坐山观虎斗”，“借刀杀人”，“引风吹火”，“站干岸儿”，“推倒油瓶不扶”，都是全挂子的本事。

		English Version：

		"Sitting on a hill to watch tigers fight", "murdering with a borrowed sword", "borrowing wind to fan the fire", "watching people drown from a dry bank" and "not troubling to right an oil bottle that's been knocked over" —they're all good hands at such tricks.

		There are some more examples.

		● 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。 Xu Beihong's drawings of hors are exceptionally good.（v.→n.）
		● 林则徐认为，要成功地制止鸦片买卖，就得首先把鸦片焚毁。Lin Zexu believed that a successful ban of the trade in opium must be preceded by the burning of the drug itlf.（adv.＋v. →adj.十n.；v.→n.）
		● 邓小平在“十一大”上说：“一定要少说空话，多做工作”。 Deng Xiaoping said at the 11th Party Congress，“There must be less empty talk and more hard work.”（adv.＋v.＋n. →+adj.＋n.）
		● 绝对不许违反这个原则。 No violation of this principle can be tolerated.（v. →adj.＋n.）
		● 获悉贵国遭受地震，我们极为关切。 We are deeply concerned at the news that your country has been struck by an earthquake.（v. →adj.）
		● 这种人闹什么东西呢？闹名誉，闹地位，闹出风头。What are the people after? They are after fame，position and opportunity to be in the limelight.（v. →prep.）
		● 他们不顾一切困难、挫折，坚持战斗。They kept on fighting in spite of all difficulties and tbacks.（v.→prep. phra）
		● 你熟悉这种晶体管放大器的性能吗？Are you familiar with the performance of this type of transistor amplifier? (v. →adj.)

		2. Conversion between Other Parts of Speech
		千米每时与米每秒的换算关系
		On the other hand，in the process of Chine-English translation Chine nouns tray be converted into English verbs，Chine adjectives into English nouns，and vice versa.

		● 该厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。The products of this factory are chiefly characterized by their fine workmanship and durability.（adj.＋n.→v.）
		● 街中的一切逐渐消失在灰暗的暮色里。 Everything in the street was gradually disappearing into a pall of gray.（adj.→n.）
		● 电导率在选择电气材料时很重要。 Electrical productivity has great importance in lecting electrical materials.（adv.＋adj. →adj.十n.）
		● 我们的教育方针，应该使受教育者在德育、智育、体育几方面都得到发展，成为有社会主义觉悟、有文化的劳动者。Our educational policy must enable everyone who receives an education to develop morally，intellectually and physically and become a worker with both socialist consciousness and culture.（n. →adv.）

		Reflections and Practice 孔子仁

		I Discuss the following questions.

		1. When and where is conversion ud in translation?
		2. Why is it necessary for a translator to convert parts of speech in translation?
		3. What are the major forms of conversion in English-Chine translation?
		4. What are the major forms of conversion in Chine-English translation?
		5. Do you think the conversions in English-Chine and Chine-English translation are just the same? Why do you think so? Or why not?

		II Put the following ntences into Chine，using the technique of conversion.

		1. With the passage of time，my admiration for him grew more and more.
		2. We are enemies of all wars．but above all of dynastic wars.
		3. My audience varied from tens to thousands.
		4. Independent obrvers have commented favorably on the achievement you have made in this direction.
		5. No wonder the sight of it should nd the memories of quite a number of people of the old generation back to 36 years ago.
		6. There is a big increa in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part or our country.
	朝中无人莫做官	7. Out of all the glorious tales written about the U. S. revolution for independence from Britain the fact is hardly known that a black man was the first to die for American independence.
		8. I buried my head under the mirable sheet and rug，and cried like a child.
		9. The thief made a trembling confession of his wrongdoing.
		10. The sailors swarmed into a laughing and cheering ring around the two men.
		11. I enjoy the clean voluptuousness of the warm breeze on my skin and the cool support of water.
		12. It was a truth of which I had for some time been conscious that a figure with a good deal of frontage was，as one might say，almost never a public institution.

		III Put the following ntences into English，using the technique of conversion.

		1. 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。
		2. 采用这种新装置可以大大降低废品率。
		3. 他在讲话中特别强调提高产品质量。
		4. 社会主义革命的目的是为了解放生产力。
		5. 他们一不会做工，二不会种地，三不会打仗。
		6. 中国人民百年以来不屈不挠、再接再厉地英勇斗争，使得帝国主义至今不能灭亡中国，也永远不能灭亡中国。
		7. 中国已成功地发射了第一颗实验通信卫星。这颗卫星是由三级火箭推动的，一直运转正常。它标志着我国在发展运载工具和电子技术方面进入了一个新阶段。
		8. 在全国文明礼貌月中，所有城市必须搞好卫生，清除混乱和不礼貌现象。
		9. 对外国的科学、技术、文化，不加分析地一概排斥，和不加分析地一概照搬，都不是马克思主义的态度，都对我们的事业不利。
		10. 我们的方针是，一切民族、一切国家的长处都要学。
		11. 更荒唐的是，侵略者把他们的侵略行径说成是为了“促进”争端的解决。
		12. 现在有一些值得注意的现象，比如以权谋私、化公为私。对这些事情，当然要批评和法办。

		IV Put the following ntences into Chine, paying attention to idiomatical expression.

		1. He was a nonsmoker and a teetotaler.
		2. Since he lost his lob．he's been a loner.
		3. The actual date of the completion of the purcha should coincide with the availability of the new facilities.
		4. I marveled at the relentless determination of the rain.
		5. High blood pressure is a contraindication for this drug.
		6. The problems defy easy classification.
		7. He had surfaced with less visibility in the policy decisions.
		8. Lar is one of the most nsational developments in recent years，becau of its applicability to many fields of science and its adaptability to practical us.
		9. He spoke with firmness，but his face was very sad and his eyes at times were dim.
		10. This is the day for our two peoples to ri to the heights of greatness which can build a new and a better world.

本文发布于:2023-07-07 13:35:32，感谢您对本站的认可！

本文链接：https://www.wtabcd.cn/fanwen/fan/89/1071658.html

上一篇：iOS14.2如何使用Safari浏览器一键翻译网页

下一篇：上海贯实翻译有限公司介绍企业发展分析报告

标签：转换词类注意目的翻译动词礼貌

留言与评论（共有 0 条评论）