A Cour in English Language Teaching
Unit 1 Language and Learning
Views on language语言观
Structural view结构主义as a linguistic system
functional view功能主义as a linguistic system but also a means for doing things,ba on communicative functions
Interactional view交互性as a communicative tool
Views on language learning and learning in general
1)Process-oriented theories过程指向论
concerned with how the mind process new information, such as habit formation, induction, making inference, hypothesis testing and generalization.
2)Condition-oriented theories 强调条件理论
emphasize the nature of the human and physical context in which language learning takes place, such as the number of students, what kind of input learners receive, and the learning atmosphere.你是最美的风景
Behaviourist theory 行为主义理论=audio-lingual method听说教学法
A stimulus-respon theory of psychology
You can train an animal to do anything(within reason) if you follow a certain
. procedure which has three major stages, stimulus, respon, and reinforcement Cognitive theory 认知主义理论communicate approach 交际法
Constructivist theory 结构主义理论
Learning is a process in which the learner constructs meaning bad on his/her own experience and what he/she already knows.
Socio-constructivist theory 社会结构主义理论
Emphasis interacion and engagement with the target language in a social context A good language teacher
Ethic devotion,professional qualities and personal styles
品德节操，职业素质和个性特征
Learning, practice, and reflection
Unit 2 Communicative Principles and Activities
CLT=Communicative Language Teaching 交际语言教学法
TBLT=Task-bad Language Teaching 任务型教学法
PPP=the Prentation, Practice and Production呈现，操练，展出
Communicative competence
时间简史作者Entails knowing not only the language code or the form of language, but also what to say to whom and how to say it appropriately in any given situation
Five main components of communicative competence
Linguistic competence 语言能力
Pragmatic competence 语用能力
Discour competence语篇能力
Strategic competence策略能力
Fluency 语言顺畅
CLT
Goal :
to develop students' communicative competence, which includes both the knowledge about the language and the knowledge about how to u the language appropriately in communicative situations.
小葱拌豆腐一清二白是什么意思Principles :
Communicative principle
Task principle
Meaningfulness principle
祝你平安Main features:
(1)Functional communicative activities: 功能互动活动
Identifying pictures
Discovering identical pairs
Discovering quences or locations
Discovering missing information
Discovering missing features
Discovering "crets"
Communicating patterns and pictures
Communicative models
Discovering differences
Following directions
Reconstructing story-quences
Pooling information to solve a problem
卖炭翁改写
(2)Social interaction activities: 社会交往活动
Role-playing through cued dialogues
Role-playing through cues and information
Role-playing through situation and goals
Role-playing through debate or discussion
Large-scale simulation activities 模仿
Improvisation 即兴创作
Notes:
No specific activities almost about listening and speaking如何退烧
Six criteria for evaluating how communicative classroom activities are: Communicative purpo: information gap
Communicative desire: real need
Content, not form: message
Variety of language
No teacher intervention 干涉
No materials control
TBLT
Definition:
初恋这首情歌Refers to an approach bad on the u of task as the core unit of instruction in language
TBLT:pre-task, task cycle, language focus
Definition of a task:
A task is a piece of work undertaken for onelf or for others, freely or for some reward.
Four components of a task:
A purpo: focus on content,not form
A context: information gap
A process:problem solving reasoning , inquiring, conceptualising and communicating A product: no communicational results
Exercis, exerci-tasks and tasks:
御风者Focus on individual language items
→purpoful&contextualid communication
Exerci → exerci-task → task
How to design tasks:
Think about students’ needs, interests, and abilities
Brainstorm possible tasks
Evaluate the list
Choo the language items
Preparing materials
PPP model
At the prentation stage:
The teacher introduces new vocabulary and grammatical structures in whatever ways appropriate
At the the practice stage:
