English Literature
英国文学主要分类
一、The Old English Literature
中古英国文学
二、The Renaissance Period
文艺复兴时期文学（伊丽莎白时代，14-16世纪）
三、The 17 century English Literature
17世纪英国文学纸盒房子
四、The18 century English Literature
18世纪英国文学（启蒙时期）
五、Literature of Romantic Age
浪漫主义时期文学
六、Literature in Victoria Period
光棍节
维多利亚时期文学
七、Literature in Modern Period
现在时期英国文学
The main content to know
• Background knowledge (from history,culture atmosphere)
• Important Literary Terms
• Important Writers and Literary Works
The Old English Literature
（一）General Introduction（总体介绍）
The Old English literature（which lasted from 劳动力调查499 to 1066）ixclusively a ver（诗篇） literature in oral form.There were two groups of English poetry in this period-the first was the pagan食母生（异教的） poetry reprented by Beowulf，the cond was the religious poetry reprented by the works of Caedmon and Cynewulf.
In the 8th century,Anglo-Saxon pro appeared.The most famous pro writers of that period were Venerable bede and Alfred the Great.
After the Norman Conques,three languages existed in England,which were French spoken by the Normans,English spoken by the lower class and Latin spoken by the scholars and clergymen. The prevailing from of literature in the feudal England was the Romance.The Romance prospered for 300 years(1200-1500)from which we e an epitome（缩影） of the Middle Ages.
In the 15th century,English ballads became very popular and the only important writer was Thomas Malory.
（二）Important Literary Terms
Old English（古英语）：language spoken by the Anglo-Saxons is called the Old English,which is the foundation of English language and literature.
Romance(中世纪的传奇故事）： The Romance was the prevailing form of literature in the Middle Ages.It was a long composition, sometimes in ver, sometimes in pro, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.
（三）Important Writers and Literary Works
1.Beowulf(《贝奥武甫》）
Beowulf is the oldest poem in the English language and the most important spe-cimen of Anglo-Saxon literture.The main stories are bad on the folk legends of the primitive northern tribes.
2.Religious Poets(宗教诗人）
Caedmon(卡德蒙，610-680)
Caedmon is the first known religious poet of England.He is known as the father of English song, Caedmon’s Hymn (《卡德蒙的赞美诗》）is a prai poem in honor of god.
Cynewulf(基涅武甫，公元九世纪）
Cynewulf lived in the 9th century. He produced four poems, of which The Christ(《基督》）is the most characteristic. Throughout the poem, a deep love for Christ and reverence for Virgin Mary(圣母利亚）are expresd.
3.Pro Writers（散文作家）
Venerable Bede(可敬的比德，672-735)
Bede,also referred to as Saint Bede(圣比德）or the Venerable Bede,is well known as an author and scholar,and his most famous work, Historia Ecclesiastica Gentis Anglorum, or An Ecclesiastica History of the English People一个门一个良(《英吉利人教会史》）,gained him the title “The Father of English History”(英国史学之父）
Alfred the Great(阿尔弗雷德大帝，849-899）
Alfred is the only English monarch to be accorded the epithet “the Great”(唯一一个被授予“大帝”名号额英格兰国王）.He was the first King of the West Saxons to style himlf “King of the Anglo-saxons”(将自己命名为“怎么加入九三学社盎格鲁-撒克逊之王”的西撒克逊国王）.The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle(《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》）is a collection of annals(年鉴）in Old English chronicling the history of the Anglo-Saxons. original manusript of the Chronicle was created late in the 9th century, probably in Wesx,duing the reign of Alfred the Great.
4.The Romance(传奇）
Sir Gawain and the Green Knight（《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》）
It is a romance of 2,530 lines derived from Celtic legend(凯尔特骑士）.Sir Cawain, nephew of King Arthur, accepted the challenge of the Green Knight in the Green Chapel（绿教堂）. At last, he got a girdle（腰带）as a gift from the Knight and his story became widely known.
5.Age of Chaucer(乔叟时代）
The 14th century is called “Age of Chaucer”.Chaucer and Langland(朗格兰，1332-1400，英国诗人），were the most important writers of age.
Ceoffrey Chaucer(杰弗里·乔叟，1343-1400）
Chaucer is acclaimed not only as “the father of English poetry”（英国诗歌之父），but also as “the father of English fiction (英国小说之父）.His masterpiece, The Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》），is one of the most famous works in all literatures.
Chaucer wrote in vivid and exact language; his poetry is full vigor and swiftness.
Book of the Duchess 《公爵夫人之书》
The Hou of Fame《声誉之宫》
The Parliament of Fowls 《百鸟会议》
螺旋开瓶器怎么开红酒
The Legend of Good Women 《贤妇传说》
Troilus and Criyde 《特洛伊罗斯与克丽西达》
6. The 15th Century Ballads(民歌，歌谣）
Thomas Malory(托马斯·马洛礼，1405-1471）
Tomas Malory wrote an important work called Le Morte d’Arthur（《亚瑟王之死》）.The central concern is with the adventures of Arthur and his famous Knights of the Round Table（圆桌骑士）.The book is very important in English literature.Its Arthurian materials have a strong influence on literature of later centuries.
