考博详解与指导
天龙八部华山论剑哈尔滨工业大学考博英语试题
Part II
奶酪制作方法Translate the following passages into Chine:
Passage One洞头乡
The technology now being ud by the autoworkers on the asmbly lines is nothing short of revolutionary.Today’s workers now u smart,microprocessor controlled tools that perform with a precision unheard of a decade ago.The tools operate to the exact inch-pound of torque required,and even have the ability to stop the line if their performance deteriorates.The intelligent tools and asmbly systems being ud by the U.S.auto industry reflect the challenges the industry has faced and conquered over the past100years.
Passage Two
In each generation for thousands of years a few individuals have had the perception,the curiosity,and t屏幕闪烁
he imagination to do more than just look at the physical process taking place in the atmosphere.The individuals have asked “Why?”about such things as the:the blue of the sky;the splendor of the rainbow;the infinite variety and marvelous detail of snowflakes;the changes of temperature from ason to ason;the short life of a cloud as it forms,grows, decays,and disappears on a summer afternoon.
Passage Three
A European industrialist learned by chance that the United States was singing contracts with scientists in other countries,calling for rearch into such matters as the function of the frog’s eyes and the learning ability of the octopus. It emed to him that such studies could not possibly have any practical value.He riously believed that the United States was employing the foreign scientists to do meaningless work and occupy their time,while American scientists were busy in the really important areas of science.He was unaware of the fact that the United States was spending much more money at home than abroad fro similar studies.
Passage Four
拘泥That many contemporary scientists make room for God in their understanding of the cosmos should 牙齿根部发黑怎么解决
hardly be surprising.For most of history,religion and science have been siblings—feeding off and sparring with each other–rather than outright adversaries in the common human quest for understanding.Only in the West,and only after the French Enlightenment in the18th century,did the votaries of science and religions drift into parate ideological camps.And only in the19th century,after Darwin,was suppod irreconcilability between“God”and“science”elevated to the status of cultural myth.History tell a different, more complicated story.
Passage Five
For decades,science-fiction writers have envisioned a world in which speech is the most commonly ud interface between humans and machines.This is partly
a result of our strong desire to make computers behave like human beings.But it is more than that.Speech is natural—we know how to speak before we know how to read and write.Speech is also efficient—most people can speak about five times faster than they can type and probably10times faster than they can write. And speech is flexible—we do not have to touch or e anything to carry on a conversation.
Passage Six
His fear was that the business of engineering,defined as the synthesis of invention and innovation fro the extension of man’s capabilities,was being subverted by a lack of creative design cours in ineering schools.He expresd alarm that Ph.D.candidates often focud on science,not on likely us for their work.This situation was,he felt,the fallout of a shift in the philosophy of academia.Though engineering schools still taught the fundamentals well,he said,they had failed their students—and society as whole —by emphasizing the“knowledge and skills of analysis to the virtual exclusion of all el.”
Translate the following into English:
Paragraph One
有些计算机科学家正在研究蚂蚁。他们说，蚂蚁这种低级昆虫预示软件设计革命的到来。模仿蚂蚁行为的软件系统不是依赖复杂性的集中式逻辑，而是利用短小的、自治的软件代理。这些代理各自根据最简单的规则行事，但它们集合在一起，可以从整体上看极为复杂的问题。
在上一层，即“蚁群”这一层，智能从那些简单的规则中，以常规编程可能难于实现的方式浮现出来。
Paragraph Two广州大学是几本
退回到大约二十年前。你在联欢会上谈论着书籍和电影。有人提出，将来有一天世界上数百万人会用“。com”结束他们的谈话。你会小声嘀咕并发问，人怎么可能会在英语或其他语言中把“。com”放在一起用呢？那究竟是什么意思呢？于是你开始去谈论体育运动或闲聊其他题。但是现在，“。com”在交谈中已司空见惯，以至于我们感觉它似乎已经在我们耳边许多年了。
Ⅱ、真题答案
1-5DCADC6-10ACAAC11-15BBCDD16-20CDDCC21-25AADAD
26-30CACDB30-35BBAAD36-40DCABD
半部论语治天下Passage One
Questions1—8are bad on the following passage:
In the two decades between1910and1930,over ten percent of the Black population of the United States left the South,where the preponderance of the Black population had been located,and migrated to northern states,with the largest number moving,it is claimed,between1916and1918.It has been frequently assumed,but not proved,that the majority of the migrants in what has come to be called the Great Migration came from rural areas and were
motivated by two concurrent factors:the collap of the cotton industry following the boll weevil infestation,which began in1898,and incread demand in the North for labor following the cessation of European immigration caud by the outbreak of the First World War in1914.This assumption has led to the conclusion that the migrants’subquent lack of economic mobility in the North is tied to rural background,a background that implies unfamiliarity with urban living and a lack of industrial skills.
But the question of who actually left the South has never been rigorously investigated.Although numerous investigations document an exodus from rural southern areas to southern cities prior to the Great Migration,no one has considered whether the same migrants then moved on to northern cities.In1910 over600,000Black workers,or ten percent of the Black work force,reported themlves to be engaged in“manufacturing and mechanical pursuits,”the federal census category encompassing the entire industrial ctor.The Great Migration could easily have been made up entirely of this group and their families.It is perhaps surprising to argue that an employed population could be enticed to move,but an explanation lies in the labor conditions then prevalent in the South.
About thirty-five percent of the urban Black population in the South was engaged in skilled trades.Some were from the old artisan class of slavery—blacksmiths,masons,carpenters—which ha
d had a monopoly of certain trades, but they were gradually being pushed out by competition,mechanization,and
obsolescence.The remaining sixty-five percent,more recently urbanized,worked in newly developed industries—tobacco,lumber,coal and iron manufacture,and railroads.Wages in the South,however,were low,and Black workers were aware, through labor recruiters and the Black press,that they could earn more even as unskilled workers in the North than they could as artisans in the South.After the boll weevil infestation,urban Black workers faced competition from the continuing influx of both Black and White rural workers,who were driven to undercut the wages formerly paid for industrial fobs.Thus,a move north would be en as advantageous to a group that was already urbanized and steadily employed,and the easy conclusion tying their subquent economic problems in the North to their rural background comes into question.
1.The author indicates explicitly that which of the following records has been a source of information in her investigation?
(A)United States Immigration Service reports from1914to1930.
(B)Payrolls of southern manufacturing firms between1910and1930.
(C)The volume of cotton exports between1898and1910.
(D)The federal census of1910.
2.In the passage,the author anticipates which of the following as a possible objection to her argument?
It is uncertain how many people actually migrated during the Great Migration. The eventual economic status of the Great Migration migrants has not been adequately traced.
