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Abstract —This paper provides an overview of the LTE WLAN interworking architecture and the reference implementation, for operator owned and aggregator provided Wi-Fi hotspots. It also provides the challenges corresponding to network discovery and lection, curity and mobility procedures, and provides recommendations for the same.
Index Terms —Hotspot, Interworking, LTE, Wi-Fi
I. I NTRODUCTION
he increasing u of Wi-Fi on mobile handts coupled with the new opportunities in rvice capabilities that can be offered to the Wi-Fi urs, has forced the mobile operators to own Wi-Fi hotspots, or partner with network aggregators providing Wi-Fi hotspots. With the next generation wireless broadband networks envisioned to utilize a common core network rving a number of access technologies, operators are migrating to the 3GPP defined Evolved Packet System (EPS) comprising of the Evolved Packet Core (EPC) and Long Term Evolution (LTE) access technology. Though LTE provides higher data rates and supports Home evolved Node B (HeNB), the LTE WLAN interworking will gain significance considering the large deployment of Wi-Fi hotspots. The Wi-Fi hotspots will complement the LTE by providing cheaper roaming, better indoor coverage, offloading data intensive traffic and possibility of higher data rates.
Fig. 1 shows the LTE WLAN interworking access types. Bad on the subscription the urs can access the internet/external IP networks connected either locally to the Wi-Fi hotspot which is referred as WLAN Direct IP Access or through the LTE Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) which is referred as WLAN 3GPP IP Access . The WLAN 3GPP IP Access also provides the LTE rvices and functionalities.
II. LTE WLAN I NTERWORKING ARCHITECTURE The Interworking architecture for operator owned and aggregator provided Wi-Fi hotspots for the non roaming and roaming scenarios is shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 respectively. The Wi-Fi hotspot may be connected to the PLMN through a真理和谬误的关系
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978-1-4244-5489-1/10/ $26.00 © 2010 IEEE.
EPC provides the WLAN 3GPP IP Access. In the roaming scenario the PDN gateway (P-GW) corresponding to the Visited PLMN (VPLMN) or Home PLMN (HPLMN) may provide WLAN 3GPP IP Access. The UE access the P-GW directly through the operator owned Wi-Fi hotspot using the S2a interface. For aggregator provided Wi-Fi hotspot the UE access the P-GW through the evolved Packet Data Gateway (ePDG) using the SWn and S2b interface. The UE has to tup a cure tunnel with the ePDG through the untrusted WLAN network over the SWu interface. In the roaming scenario the ePDG resides in the VPLMN. In the roaming scenario the access to P-GW can also be through the Serving gateway (S-GW) for both the operator owned and network aggregator provided Wi-Fi hotspots, and is called chained S8-S2a/S2b. An UE with Dual Stack MIPv6 (DSMIPv6) mobility support can directly access the P-GW over the S2c interface.
The UE obtains a list of available PLMNs using IEEE 802.11u or 802.1x EAP bad network discovery procedures. Network lection can be manual or automatic. The 3GPP rver residing in the EPC is responsible for authenticating the UE and authorizing the requested rvices using the HSS that stores the subscriber profile. Mobility between LTE and Wi-Fi is supported by IETF-bad network bad mobility using Proxy Mobile IP (PMIP) and host bad mobility using MIP.
LTE WLAN Interworking for Wi-Fi Hotspots
Guruprasad I Naik, Telecom Group, Wipro Technologies, Bangalooru, India
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III. REFERENCE IMPLEMENTATION
Fig. 4 shows a reference implementation for Operator owned Wi-Fi hotspots. The Access Point (AP) or Wireless Controller (WC) is responsible for authenticating the UE with the 3GPP AAA rver in EPC using EAP AKA` authentication. The AP/WC receives the subscription data and the P-GW lection information from the 3GPP AAA rver. Mobility is supported with PMIPv6 or DSMIPv6 or
MIPv4. The Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) for PMIPv6 and the Foreign Agent (FA) for MIPv4 is located in the AP/WC. The Local Mobility Anchor (LMA) in ca of PMIPv6, and the Home Agent in ca of MIPv4 is located in the P-GW. The WC/AP provides the local IP address ud as Care of Address (CoA) in ca of DSMIPv6 or FACoA in ca of MIPv4.
Fig. 5 shows a reference implementation for aggregator provided Wi-Fi hotspots. The hotspot controller (HC) within the aggregator core network is responsible for controlling all the APs and WCs within the Wi-Fi hotspots. The UE establishes an IPSec tunnel using IKEv2 with the ePDG in the EPC which is responsible for forwarding the traffic to the P-GW. The ePDG is also responsible for authenticating the UE with the 3GPP AAA rver during tunnel establishment using EAP AKA. The ePDG receives the subscription data and the P-GW lection information from the 3GPP AAA rver. Mobility is supported with PMIPv6 or DSMIPv6. The MAG in ca of PMIPv6 is located in the ePDG and the LMA in the P-GW. The ePDG provides the local IP address ud as CoA in ca of DSMIPv6.
Table 1 lists the challenges corresponding to network provides recommendations for the same.
IV. C ONCLUSION
The LTE WLAN interworking with operator owned Wi-Fi hotspot will provide better curity, accounting, mobility and QoS rvices to the customer. But the operator has to invest in large number of Wi-Fi hotspots to ensure high availability and enhanced ur experience. On the other hand, the Wi-Fi hotspots provided by aggregator have issues with respect to curity, accounting, mobility and QoS. But this type of interworking usually has a large coverage area enhancing ur experience and may also provide cheaper rvices. It also avoids the huge investment costs of the WLAN infrastructure for the operator. Hence it can concluded that the operator may partner with the network aggregators providing Wi-Fi hotspots for the time being until the transition happens to an LTE network with incread data rates supporting HeNB.
V. R EFERENCES
Fig. 5. LTE WLAN Interworking – Aggregator Provided Wi-Fi Hotspot
WiFi hotspot WiFi hotspot一箭双雕
Authentication
WLAN Direct IP access
WLAN 3GPP IP access AP
AP
WC
Fig. 4. LTE WLAN Interworking – Operator Owned Wi-Fi Hotspot
庄周王者荣耀LTE WLAN I NTERWORKING Challenges
卫生制度Network Discovery and
Selection • Discovering Wi-Fi hotspots and LTE access network (AN) and corresponding PLMNs
• Automatic network lection • • Security
• Determining appropriate authentication mechanisms • Performing auto authentication •美味人
Securing ur data/credentials and accounting information • • • Mobility
• Determining appropriate mobility mechanisms • •
