Chapter 3 Lexicon
Time periods: two class
Teaching contents:
definition of a word
The formation 红十字会标志of words
Teaching扰乱单位秩序罪 aims and requirements
Learn by heart:
1. The classifications of morphemes, such as free morpheme and bound morpheme, stem, root, inflectional affix and derivational affix.
2. Two ways of word-formation such as inflections and derivations.
Know:
1. The definition of morphemes, free morphemes, bound morphemes, stem, root, affix, inflection and derivation疫情报告制度 and so on.
2. Two different fields of morphology, including inflectional morphology and derivational morphology.
Understand:
1. Definition of a word
2. The classifications of word according to different aspects
橡皮擦图片3. The formation of words
Teaching focus and difficulties:
Focus：
1. The definition of morphemes, free morphemes, bound morphemes, stem, root, affix, inflection and derivation and so on.
2. The classifications of morphemes, such as free morpheme and bound morpheme, stem, root, inflectional affix and derivational affix.
3. Two ways of word-formation such as inflections and derivations.
Difficulty:
1. Classification of morphemes
2. Inflection and derivations.
1. Review what we have learned in last chapter, and ask some students to answer the following questions: (5m)
1) How are English consonants classified
2) How are English Vowels classified
3) What are phonemes and allophones
2. Study Definition of a word
A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.
Zhang Weiyou (1999)
a minimum free form
Stability --internal structure (can’t rearrange)
成长别烦恼relative uninterruptibility --internal structure (can’t inrt)
Classification of words(1)
Basic word stock & non-basic vocabulary
Content words & functional words
Native words & borrowed words
Variable words & invariable words
Open-class words & clod-class words
Traditional parts of speech & additional four categories
Classification of words (2)
Variable words & invariable words (variability)首行缩进怎么设置
—variable words: the words who form is changeable, words which might appear in different inflective and derivative forms, v. n.
—invariable words: the words who form is unchangeable, words which usually occur in the same form such as: since, in, for, of, at, on
Classification of words (3)
Open-class words & clod-class words (membership)
-
-open-class words: membership is unlimited, n. v. (economic words, scientific words.)
--clod-class words: membership is comparatively limited. Pronouns, conj, prep. Articles.
Classification of words (4)
Traditional parts of speech & additional four categories
Traditional parts of speech:
N. v. adj. Adv. Prep. Conj.
Additional four categories
Particles : 小品词
infinite maker ‘to’, negative maker ‘not’, subordinate units in verbal phras.
Auxiliaries: 助词(助动词、情态动词)
Pro-form 代词形式 pro-v. pro-adj.
. He likes the animal, so do i.
. The desk is white, so is the chair.
Determiners 限定词 ‘the’, ‘a’, ‘some’, ‘all’
陕西旅游必去十大景点. ‘all the beautiful Chine girls’,
3. Study The formation of word
1) Ask the students to skip over this ction and find out the answers to the following questions:
a. What is morphology
b. What is morpheme What is the biggest difference between morpheme and phoneme
c. How can we classify morphemes
2) 3.2.1 Morphology
Definition: the study of word-formation, or the internal structure of words, or the rules by which words are formed from smaller components: morphemes.
For example:
Verbs are formed by adding –ify to either an adjective (adj.) or a noun (n.)
在形容詞或名詞加-ify變成動詞
*simple (adj.) simplify (v) 簡化
*quality (n) qualify (v)使具有資格
*identity (n) identify (v) 認出
Morphemes
The most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.小寒三候
The smallest meaningful components of words.
.: boyish孩子氣的;男孩似的
boy, -ish (two morphemes)
3) 3.2.2 Types of morphemes (1)
Tho that may constitute words by themlves,
自由形式的詞素本身就是一個詞，可以單獨使用
.: boy, girl, table, nation.
Free morphemes PK Bound morphemes
Tho that cannot occur alone,
Bound morpheme includes two types: roots and affixes.
.: -s in dogs, -ed in worked, dis- in dislike, un- in unable.
A certain affix here refers to an inflectional affix: grammatical endings
Types of morphemes (2)
Root: the part left when all the affixes are removed 词根
