押全国卷第41专科证书—60题
完形填空（说明文、议论文）
题型三 说明文或议论文
说明文或议论文在完形填空中所占比例不大，只有2014年全国卷Ⅰ考查了议论文。说明文通常为了说明某一事物或者活动，要明确说明对象、理清段落逻辑、分析句子结构；议论文通常对某种观点发表意见或看法，包括论点、论据、论证三个部分。
试题演练
语篇出处：原创 语篇类型：说明文 主题语境：大脑记忆
Whether you're eight years old or 80, everyone has certain basic types of memory. There is shortterm, longterm, and even skillandfactbad __朱祁钰的皇后1__ of recollection, just for starters. But think about it—can you __2__ exactly where you were and what you were doing on March 14th, 2007? Most people have no __3__. If you have Highly Superior Autobiographical Memory (HSAM), however, you're __4__ to remember practically everything about that day.
Sounds crazy, right? But the __5__ is solid. Studies show that while most people will forget a certain event after just one week, HSAM participants can __6__ it for over a decade. Only around 60 people in the world have been diagnod with HSAM so far, Curiosity reports. Pasternak, now 23, is __7__ the youngest person with HSAM. Give her any date between 2005 and prent day, and she will tell you what __8__ of the week it was and everything she did that day in extraordinary __9__.
__10__ the habits of people with an impressive memory, and you could __11__ your own retention (保留，保持). __12__， rearchers still don't understand exactly what giv
es certain people this amazing __13__. People who have HSAM have different __14__ of recalling dates. Pasternak describes her memory like a Candy Land board. In her __15__ she es each month as a different __16__ square; June is green, August is golden yellow, November is dark red. The __17__ connect to form a path, __18__ back to February 2005, when she had her first HSAM memory.
Let's face it—having a perfect memory sounds pretty __19__. But if you're not blesd with a foolproof recall, you can always __20__ like a memory champion with the tricks to getting a superhuman memory.
1.A.ways B．forms
C.chances D．abilities
2.A.manage B．monitor
清热的水果有哪些C.remember D．involve
3.A.clue B．proof
C.approach D．attention
4.A.casual B．automatic
C.likely D．confident
quence B．imagination
C.conclusion D．evidence
ite B．recall
C.connect D．control
ally B．actually
C.currently D．surely
8.A.date B．kind
妈妈夸我真懂事C.day D．hour
9.A.silence B．return
C.vain D．detail
10.A.Borrow B．Equip
C.Provide D．Combine
ate B．convey
C.add D．improve
12.A.Instead B．However
C.Unfortunately D．Therefore恶气
13.A.power B．energy
C.force D．advantage
14.A.ideas B．means
C.ries D．memories
15.A.mind B．opinion
C.life D．heart
16.A.fixed B．colored
C.parated D．lighted
17.A.hours B．weeks
C.months D．years
18.A.bringing B．calling
C.returning D．dating
19.A.amazing B．funny
C.confusing D．attractive
pete B．fight
C.train D．struggle
由首句可知，本文介绍与“memory”相关的内容。
解题步骤
1.结合与“memory”相关的语境，下文中几个空都是围绕这一语境选择答案。如题2、题3、题4、题6等。
2.题1与首句中的types是同义词复现；题7与上文的“now”是复现信息；题8与下文“of the week”lie的用法是复现信息；题9与上文“everything she did that day”是复现信息；题16与下文“June is green, August is golden yellow, November is dark red.”中提到的表示颜色的词是复现信息；题17可以从下文提到的“February”中推测答案。
3.题12下文提到“研究者仍然不理解到底是什么使这些人具有特异功能。”可以锁定此处与上文内容构成转折关系。
4.题18中可以利用固定搭配“date back to (追溯到)”解题。
5.可以根据生活常识或者自己已有的知识解题。如题5、题10、题13、题19等。
答案
篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。据发现，全球或许只有60例具有超强记忆力的人。经测试，他们能够记起多年前每天发生的事情。
1.B [无论你多大年纪，每个人都有特定的基本记忆模式。有长期的、短期的、甚至也有一些基于技能与事实的记忆模式(form)。]
2.C [试想一下：你能确切地记得(remember)2007年3月14日你在哪里、正在做什么吗？]
3.A [大部分人都没有印象(clue)了。]
4.C [然而，如果你有超强记忆功能，你有可能(likely)记得那一天发生的任何事情。]
5.D [听起来很怪异，是吧？但是，证据(evidence)是确凿的。]
6.B [研究表明，尽管多数人一个星期之后就忘记了某些事情，具备超强记忆功能的人可以回忆起(recall)十年以上的事情。]
7.C [由上文的“now”可知，是目前(currently)年龄最小的。]
8.C [由下文中的“of the week”可以推知，此处应该是一周的每一天(day)。]
9.D [由上文中的“everything she did that day”可知，她能够详细记得以前发生的事情。in detail “详细地”。]
10.A [借用(borrow)这些具有超强记忆的人的习惯，……]
11.D [improve your retention “提高记忆力考研需要什么条件”。]
12.C [由下文“研究者仍然不理解到底是什么使这些人具有特异功能。”可知，此处应该是表示“不幸的是(unfortunately)”。]
13.A [具有超强记忆功能的人应该是具备这种惊人的记忆力(power)。]
14.B [具有超强大脑记忆力的人有不同的方法(means)去回忆以前做过的事情。]
15.A [在她的头脑(mind)中， 她把每个月看作一个不同的彩色方块。]
16.B [由下文中的“June is green, August is golden yellow, November is dark red.”可知选B。]
17.C [由下文提到的“February”可以推知这里指的是月份。]
18.D [这些颜色联系起来形成一种路径，追溯到2005年的2月。date back to “追溯到”。]
19.A [具有惊人的记忆听起来令人惊讶(amazing)。]
20.C [但是，如果你不具备这些简单的回忆起往事的能力，你可以像记忆冠军一样运用这些技巧进行训练(train)，成为一个具有超强记忆的人。]
解题技巧
技巧7 固定搭配，速答题
典例片段 (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)We chatted about everything and then Ben __1__ to me. “I just want to say thank you，” he said. “You __2__ my life！”
1.A.joked B．turned
C.listened D．pointed
ated B．honored
C.saved D．guided
技巧应用：
1.识别：turn to sb.是固定搭配 “转向某人”；listen to “听”；point to “指着”。
2.save one's life也是固定词组 “挽救某人的生命”。
3.结合语境，应该是转向某人说“谢谢”，谢谢他救了自己的命。第1空选B，第2空选C。
技巧8 语法规则，辨明细
技巧应用：
好听的家族群名称大全
典例片段 (2019·北京东城二模)However, the unea incread for Glenda. The card was unsigned. She was wondering why a stranger would nd money to her son and __1__ he would know it was Zack's birthday. A variety of scenes can go through parents' minds, especially when they hear stories about Internet crimes.
