章节名称
科技英语的常用句型和翻译技巧 |
教学目的 要求掌握专业英语的基本句型和文法，熟悉名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句及长句的结构划分与一般翻译方法。 |
教学内容提要 本部分通过比较专业英语同基础英语的异同点，指出专业英语句型和表达的特点，讲述专业英语的翻译方法和技巧，尤其是一些长句的翻译方法。并指出科技英语翻译中的常见错误。 |
教学重点 掌握句子的翻译方法和专业英语的常用表达 |
教学方式及手段 多媒体教学，课堂讲授 |
中考必备古诗词课后作业 Try to translate the ntences marked with “” in your textbook into Chine using the knowledge learned today. ☺ Water is usually considered as being a compound of two elements. ☺ Produced by electrons are the x-ray, which allow the doctor to took aside a patient’s body. ☺ 认识分数It is said that all matters is made up of atoms.（主语从句） ☺ Ancient people believed it to be true that the sun turned around the earth.（宾语从句） ☺ Why don’t we fall off the earth? The answer is that gravity keeps us from falling off.（表语） ☺ We are all familiar with the fact that nothing in nature will either start or stop moving of itlf.（同位语） ☺ Fluids compri both liquids and gas, the most common examples of which are water and air.（定语） ☺ The body must dissipate heat as fast as it produces it.（状语） |
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【科技英语的常用句型和翻译技巧】
一、概述
1. 翻译的要求The Criteria of Translation：信、雅、达
2. 科技英语词汇（上节课已经介绍）
3. 科技英语句子的特点
二、科技英语常用句型及翻译
1. 被动语态
1）被动语态的常用原因
常用被动语态主要见于以下几个方面：
1 不必或无法说出主动者
For a long time aluminum has been thought as an effective material for preventing metal corrosion.
长期以来，铝被当作一种有效的防止金属腐蚀的材料。
► The book has already been translated into many languages.
2 强调行为对象，而非行为者，将行为对象作为句子的主语
Three machines can be controlled by a single operation.
三台机器能由一个操作者操纵。
► The work must be finished at once.
3 为了更好的联系上下文
► They are going to build a library here next year. It is going to be build beside the classroom building.
2）被动语句的翻译方法
（1）仍译为被动句
最常见的是在谓语前加上助词“被”，也可使用“受到，遭到，得到，叫，称，让，给，加以，为……所”等句式。偶尔也可不加任何词直接译出。
We remember how air can be made into a liquid. If the liquid is warmed again, it “boiled” and turns back into a gas. 孕妇可以吃火锅吗
我们记得是如何把空气制成液体的。如果进入安全模式给这种液体重新加热，它“沸腾汽化”，就又还原成气体。
► Every thing is built up of atoms.
► The process by which energy is changed from one form into another is called the transformation of energy.
法兰克福国际机场
☺ 慧心妙舌Water is usually considered as being a compound of two elements.
（2）译为主动句，中国汉语的习惯
1 译成无主语的主动句
Measures have been taken to diminish air pollution.
已经采取了一些措施来减少空气污染。
► If the product is a new compound，the structure must be proved independently．
► Quality must be guaranteed first.
2 加上不确定主语的主动句
Salt is known to have a very strong corroding effect on metals.
大家知道，盐对金属有很强的腐蚀作用。
► All bodies are known to posss weight.
► If one or more electrons are removed, the atom is said to be positively charged．
3 由by短语中的动作发出者作为主语
Heat and light are given off by the chemical reaction.
这种化学反应能发出热和光。
► The planets are held together by attractive forces.
► Every day, new compounds are produced in the laboratory by the synthetic organic chemist.
（3）译成判断句
Currently most solar cells are made from crystals of high-purity silicon.
目前，绝大多数太阳能电池是用高纯度的硅晶体制成的。
► Large quantities of oil are refined locally at Abadan, Iran, in Bahrain and elwhere.
☺ Produced by electrons are the x-ray, which allow the doctor to took aside a patient’s
body.
（4）译成因果句
The crops were badly damaged by a flood. 农作物因水灾而毁坏。
The multiplicity of carbon compounds is explained in the exceptional ability of carbon atoms to combine with one another.
碳化合物之所以为数众多，是因为碳原子相互结合的能力特别强。
► The existence of organic chemistry is further justified by the importance of carbon compounds or mixtures in our lives.
2. 从句
科技英语大量使用复合句是其重要的特征之一，一个复合句可能由主句和多个主句组成。理解和掌握各种从句的译法对理解和翻译科技英语是非常重要的。
1）主语从句
1 基本句型：连词（连接代词、连接副词）+主语+谓语+谓语
Why dinaucers became extinct remained a mystery for a long time.
恐龙为什么绝迹长期以来是个谜。
► Whether there is life on the Mars is a disputable topic.
2 用what渐渐的近义词是什么引起的主语从句
What we call weight is really the gravitational pull on an object.
我们所称之重量实际上是对某一物体的地心引力。
► 刘邦才What cannot be en with the eye can be easily found with a radar instrument.
3 用it做主语的复合句
► It is important that the metal for making aeroplanes should resist corrosion.
☺ It is said that all matters is made up of atoms.
2）宾语从句
1 带有宾语从句的复合句：一般按原句顺序翻译
A product must be carefully tested to determine if it will perform its job properly and reliably.
产品必须自己检查，以确定是否合格可靠。
► Newton believed that gravitation is everywhere——that is, it is universal.
2 用what引起的宾语从句
常有“the thing which”的含义，译为“所……的东西（或事物）”：
The computer can only do what they are told to do.
计算机只能做人们所要它做的事情。
► When the atoms of different elements combine or react chemically, they form what are
called “molecules”.
