NaturePodcast：伽利略和科学的否定者
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伽利略和否定科学的人 来自Nature自然科研 00:00 06:03 音频文本：
手指画教案Host: Shamini Bundell
Galileo is regarded as the founder of modern astronomy and the father of modern science, as well as a symbol of the fight for intellectual freedom. Astrophysicist Mario Livio has written a new biography of Galileo’s life, which analys the mythos of the man and looks at the parallels between Galileo’s experiences and modern science and even with the science denialism that we e today. Anand Jagatia caught up with Mario and started by unpicking one of the most famous stories of Galileo’s life.
《论语》名句Interviewer: Anand Jagatia
There’s this story about Galileo that he stood at the top of the Leaning Tower of Pisa and dropped the two heavy weights to show that they would hit the ground at the same time. Is that a real experiment? Do we know if that actually happened?
Interviewee: Mario Livio
Well, no, he did experiments, but I don’t think he did it from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. As far as I could tell and as much as I rearched it, that appears to be a legend. But there were people who dropped balls from the Tower of Pisa. Galileo did drop balls from various heights, but he never mentions having done that from the leaning tower of Pisa. He found a way to sort of dilute gravity, if you like, by rolling balls down inclined planes instead of making them simply fall, so this was truly an incredible insight on his part to understand that at some level even freefall can be regarded as sort of an extreme ca when the inclined plane is perpendicular to the ground.
Interviewer: Anand Jagatia表示时间快的词语>头昏想吐
辽世宗
Galileo’s approach was revolutionary, really, at the time, so how did it differ from people that came before him?
Interviewee: Mario Livio
So, yeah, the ancient Greeks thought that to discover facts about nature, all you need is to sit down and think about tho. Galileo is the person who introduced this revolutionary way of thinking that the only way to discover things about nature is by experiments, obrvations and then reasoning bad on the results of tho experiments and obrvations. So, in that n, he really started the modern way of doing physics and science in general.
Interviewer: Anand Jagatia
You then write about how Galileo turned his attention to the skies and ud telescopes to obrve objects in the heavens, and the first thing he obrved was the Moon. Can you tell us about what he saw there?
Interviewee: Mario Livio
Galileo actually ud his artistic education. He had learnt how to draw and he understood light and shadow, so he very quickly understood that what he was obrving was a rugged surface with craters and mountains, and this was really revolutionary in the n that celestial objects were suppod to be perfect and not look like the surface of the Earth.
Interviewer: Anand Jagatia
Galileo, of cour, went on to make many more astronomical obrvations, leading him to put the Sun at the centre of the Solar System rather than the Earth, which went against what many scientists and the Church said was the ca. Infamously, this culminated in him being put on trial by the Holy Inquisition and in 1633 being forced to denounce his entire life’s work on his knees. And reading your account of what happened, today it is actually still quite shocking.
Interviewee: Mario Livio
Indeed, yes. I mean this is one of the most humiliating stories in our intellectual history, and the point that I make in the book is that even if Galileo were completely wrong in his model for the Solar System, the Church had really no authority to put him on trial and find him guilty for having an opinion. For that to have been convicted and made to abjure and put on hou arrest for the rest of his life, it really remains as a shameful incident in the history of science.
Interviewer: Anand Jagatia
There’s another story that as he left the court, he muttered under his breath to himlf, ‘And yet it moves,’ in Italian, basically saying that in spite of what you believe, the facts are that the Earth does move around the Sun in this way. Did that actually happen?
Interviewee: Mario Livio
新车上牌多少钱Of cour, he didn’t say it in front of the inquisition. That would just have been simply insane.
Interviewer: Anand Jagatia
北塞浦路斯But that phra, ‘And yet it moves,’ has become a symbol of intellectual defiance, and you mention in the book that perhaps today, phras like that are having to be ud a bit more often than they should be, so can we draw parallels between what happened then in the 1600s and science denial today?
Interviewee: Mario Livio
Oh, absolutely, and this is one of the main reasons why I also decided to write the book. We e science denial all over the place today, and this is starting, of cour, with denial of climate change from people in the highest positions, and in just this latest COVID-19 pandemic. The early denial of the reality of this pandemic was very, very costly.
