考研英语二阅读讲义
语义理解题（词汇题、指代题、句子理解题）
【大纲要求】
根据上下文推测生词词义。
【题型界定】
语义理解题考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语和句子意思的能力，可细分为词汇题、指代题和句子理解题三类。词汇题所考查的词汇多为超纲词和熟词僻义词，指代题往往问代词指代对象，句子理解题多考作者表述或引用他人某一句话的用意，有时这句话会以比喻或类比等形式出现。
【题干特征】
The word/phra“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)most probably means____________.
Which of the following best defines the word“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)?
The ntence“…”(Line X,Paragraph X)shows that____________.
“This”refers to(Line X,Paragraph X)____________.
【词汇题】
【解题思路】
逻辑关系法
1.反义（转折）关系
常见引导词：but yet however on the other hand while not and
【词汇题】
【解题思路】
逻辑关系法
2.同义关系常见引导词：and or
3.定义关系常见引导词：that is，called
例题一
【2010-2】
例：27.Judging from the context,the phra“wreaking havoc”(Line2,Para.2)most probably means_______.
［A］generating motivation
［B］exerting influence
［C］causing damage
［D］creating pressure
原文
①This episode crystallizes the irony that although American men tend to talk more than women in public situations,they often talk less at home.②And this pattern is wreaking havoc with marriage.
①The pattern was obrved by political scientist Andrew Hacker in the late1970s.
②Sociologist Catherine Kohler Riessman reports in her new book Divorce Talk that most of the women she interviewed—but only a few of the men—gave lack of communication as the reason for their divorces.③Given the current divorce rate of nearly50percent,that amounts to millions of cas in the United States every year—a virtual epidemic of failed conversation.
例题二
【2012-4】
例：36.By saying“to find silver linings”（Para.2）the author suggests that the jobless try to_________.
[A]ek subsidies from the government
[B]make profits from the troubled economy
[C]explore reasons for the unemployment
[D]look on the bright side of the recession
原文
①No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.
②Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways: they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.③In limited respects,perhaps the recession will leave society better off.
④At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger hous,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.
昆虫记知识点
例题三
【2016-1】
例：25.The word“coax”(Para.6)is clost in meaning to____.
A.persuade
B.frighten
C.misguide
D.Challenge
原文
①Indeed,the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all.②But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpo of the class.③The kids are going to be surrounded by computers—in their pockets,in their offices,in their homes—for the rest of their lives.④The younger they learn how computers think,how to coax the machine into producing what they want—the earlier they learn that they have the power to do that—the better.
【指代题】
【解题思路】
(1)返回原文，找到该指代词
我的疯娘(2)向上搜索，找最近的名词，名词性短语或句子
(3)将找到的词、词组或者句子带入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺
“向上搜索，进行带入”
例题一
【2013-2】
例：26.“Birds of passage”refers to tho who.
[A]stay in a foreign country temporarily
[B]leave their home countries for good
[C]immigrate across the Atlantic
[D]find permanent jobs overas
原文
①A century ago,the immigrants from across the Atlantic included ttlers and sojourners.
②Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came tho who had no intention to stay,and who would make some money and then go home.
③Between1908and1915,about7million people arrived while about2million departed.
④About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,for example,eventually returned to Italy for good.
⑤They even had an affectionate nickname,“uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.
【句子理解题】
【大纲要求】
理解句子在文中的含义
【句子理解题】
【解题思路】
静皇贵妃传返回原文，找到该句，根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推断（即考虑该句所在段落中句与句的逻辑关系），或直接结合文章主旨题解题。
注意：
历史类书籍字面义永远不选，只选背后含义
大喊的英文
文中任何一句话都不是孤立存在，局部含义是由整体决定的
放到最后和主旨题一起做
例题一
【2010-1】
例：22.By saying“spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable”(Line1~2,Para.3),the author suggests that_______.
［A］collectors were no longer actively involved in art-market auctions
［B］people stopped every kind of spending and stayed away from galleries
［C］art collection as a fashion had lost its appeal to a great extent
［D］works of art in general had gone out of fashion so they were not worth buying排湾族
原文：①In the weeks and months that followed Mr.Hirst's sale,spending of any sort became deeply unfashionable.②In the art world that meant collectors stayed away from galleries and salerooms.③Sales of contemporary art fell by two-thirds,and in the most overheated ctor, they were down by nearly90%in the year to November2008.④Within weeks the world’s two biggest auction hous,Sotheby’s and Christie’s,had to pay out nearly$200million in guarantees to clients who had placed works for sale with them.
例题二
【2012-2】
例：26.By saying“he rainbow”(Para.1),the author means pink______.
[A]cannot explain girls’lack of imagination
[B]should not be associated with girls’innocence
[C]should not be the sole reprentation of girlhood
[D]cannot influence girls’lives and interests
原文
①Pretty in pink:adult women do not remember being so obsd with the colour,yet it is pervasive in our young girls’lives.②It is not that pink is intrinsically bad,but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and,though it may celebrate girlhood in one way,it also repeatedly and firmly fus girls’identity to appearance.③Then it prents that connection,even among two-year-olds,between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence.④Looking around,I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’lives and interests.
语义理解题经典范文
2012
Text3
①In2010,a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core.②Companies had won patents
for isolated DNA for decades—by2005some20%of human genes were patented.③But in March2010a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable.④Executives were violently agitated.
⑤The Biotechnology Industry Organisation(BIO),a trade group,assured members that this was just a“preliminary step”in a longer battle.
①On July29th they were relieved,at least temporarily.②A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision,ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman’s risk of breast cancer.③The chief executive of Myriad,a company in Utah, said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.
①But as companies continue their attempts at personalid medicine,the courts will remain rather busy.②The Myriad ca itlf is probably not over.③Critics make three main arguments against gene patents:a gene is a product of nature,so it may not be patented;gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it;and patents’monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad’s.④A growing number em to agree.⑤Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.⑥In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad ca,arguing that an isolated DNA molecule“is no less a product than are cotton fibres that have been parated from cotton eds”.
①Despite the appeals court’s decision,big questions remain unanswered.②For example,it is unclear whether the quencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it.③The ca may yet reach the Supreme Court.
①As the industry advances,however,other suits may have an even greater impact.
②Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are already patented or in the public domain.③Firms are now studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might be ud to determine the caus of dia or predict a drug’s efficacy.
④Companies are eager to win patents for“connecting the dots”,explains Hans Sauer,a lawyer for the BIO.
塔尔寺在哪里①Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue,brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term.②The BIO recently held a convention which included ssions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.③Each meeting was packed.
31.It can be learned from Paragraph1that the biotech companies would like.
[A]genes to be patentable[B]the BIO to issue a warning
[C]their executives to be active[D]judges to rule out gene patenting
32.Tho who are against gene patents believe that.
[A]genetic tests are not reliable
藤野先生教学设计[B]only man-made products are patentable
[C]patents on genes depend much on innovation
[D]courts should restrict access to genetic tests
33.According to Hans Sauer,companies are eager to win patents for.
[A]discovering gene interactions[B]establishing dia correlations
[C]drawing pictures of genes[D]identifying human DNA
34.By saying“Each meeting was packed”(Para.6),the author means that.
[A]the supreme court was authoritative
[B]the BIO was a powerful organisation
[C]gene patenting was a great concern
[D]lawyers were keen to attend conventions
35.Generally speaking,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is.
[A]critical[B]supportive
[C]scornful[D]objective
