2012~2013年考研英语二阅读理解第一部分
2012年
Part A
Directions:
Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B, C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)
Text1
①Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents,but in recent years it has been particularly scorned.②School districts across the country,most recently Los Angeles Unified,are revising their thinking on this educational ritual.③Unfortunately,L.A.Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced cours,homework may no longer count for more than10%of a student’s academic grade.
①This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might
have in completing their homework.②But the policy is unclear and contradictory.③Certainly,no homework should be assigned that students cannot complete on their own or that they cannot do without expensive equipment.④But if the district is esntially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework becau of complicated family lives,it is going riskily clo to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children.
①District administrators say that homework will still be a part of schooling; teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want.②But with homework counting for no more than10%of their grades,students can easily skip half their homework and e very little difference on their report cards.③Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework,but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework?④It is quite possible that the homework helped.⑤Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students,the policy impos a flat,across-the-board rule.
①At the same time,the policy address none of the truly thorny questions about homework.②If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students’academic achievement,it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments,not make them count for almost nothing.③Converly,if homework matters,it should account for a significant portion of the grade.④Meanwhile,this policy do
es nothing to ensure that the homework students receive is meaningful or appropriate to their age and the subject,or that teachers are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct.
①The homework rules should be put on hold while the school board,which is responsible for tting educational policy,looks into the matter and conducts public hearings.②It is not too late for L.A.Unified to do homework right.
21.It is implied in Paragraph1that nowadays homework.
[A]is receiving more criticism[B]is gaining more preferences
[C]is no longer an educational ritual[D]is not required for advanced
cours
22.L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly becau poor students.
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[A]tend to have moderate expectations for their education
[B]have asked for a different educational standard
[C]may have problems finishing their homework
[D]have voiced their complaints about homework
23.According to Paragraph3,one problem with the policy is that it may.
[A]result in students’indifference to their report cards
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[B]undermine the authority of state tests
[C]restrict teachers’power in education
[D]discourage students from doing homework
24.As mentioned in Paragraph4,a key question unanswered about homework is whether.
[A]it should be eliminated[B]it counts much in schooling
[C]it places extra burdens on teachers[D]it is important for grades
25.A suitable title for this text could be.
[A]A Faulty Approach to Homework
[B]A Welcomed Policy for Poor Students
[C]Thorny Questions about Homework
[D]Wrong Interpretations of an Educational Policy
Text2
①Pretty in pink:adult women do not remember being so obsd with the colour,yet it is pervasive in our young girls’lives.②It is not that pink is intrinsically bad,but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and,though it may celebrate girlhood in one way,it also repeatedly and firmly fus girls’identity to appearance.③Then it prents that connection,even among two-year-olds,between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence.④Looking around,I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls’lives and interests.
①Girls’attraction to pink may em unavoidable,somehow encoded in their DNA,but according to Jo Paoletti,an associate professor of American Studies,it is not.②Children were not colour-coded at all until the early20th century:in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a p
ractical matter,since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them.③What’s more,both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dress.④When nurry colours were introduced,pink was actually considered the more masculine colour,a pastel version of red,which was associated with strength.⑤Blue,with its intimations of the Virgin Mary,constancy and faithfulness,symbolid femininity.⑥It was not until the mid-1980s,when amplifying age and x differences became a dominant children’s marketing strategy,that pink fully came into its own,when it began to em inherently attractive to girls,part of what defined them as female,at least for the first few critical years.
①I had not realid how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kids,including our core beliefs about their psychological
development.②Take the toddler.③I assumed that pha was something experts developed after years of rearch into children’s behaviour:wrong.④Turns out, according to Daniel Cook,a historian of childhood consumerism,it was popularid as a marketing trick by clothing manufacturers in the1930s.
①Trade publications counlled department stores that,in order to increa sales, they should creat
e a“third stepping stone”between infant wear and older kids’clothes.②It was only after“toddler”became a common shoppers’term that it evolved into a broadly accepted developmental stage.③Splitting kids,or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits.④And one of the easiest ways to gment a market is to magnify gender differences—or invent them where they did not previously exist.
26.By saying“he rainbow”(Para.1),the author means pink.
[A]cannot explain girls’lack of imagination
[B]should not be associated with girls’innocence
[C]should not be the sole reprentation of girlhood
[D]cannot influence girls’lives and interests
27.According to Paragraph2,which of the following is true of colours?
[A]Colours are encoded in girls’DNA.
[B]Blue ud to be regarded as the colour for girls.
[C]White is preferred by babies.
[D]Pink ud to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.
28.The author suggests that our perception of children’s psychological development was much influenced by.
[A]the obrvation of children’s nature
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[B]the marketing of products for children
[C]rearches into children’s behaviour
[D]studies of childhood consumption
29.We may learn from Paragraph4that department stores were advid to.
[A]classify consumers into smaller groups
[B]attach equal importance to different genders
美文美篇[C]focus on infant wear and older kids’clothes
[D]create some common shoppers’terms
30.It can be concluded that girls’attraction to pink ems to be.
[A]fully understood by clothing manufacturers
[B]clearly explained by their inborn tendency
[C]mainly impod by profit-driven businessmen高铁的简笔画>高考对联
[D]well interpreted by psychological experts
Text3
①In2010,a federal judge shook America’s biotech industry to its core.
②Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades—by2005some20%of human genes were patented.③But in March2010a judge ruled that genes were unpatentable.④Executives were violently agitated.⑤The Biotechnology Industry Organisation(BIO),a trade group,assured members that this was just a“preliminary step”in a longer battle.
①On July29th they were relieved,at least temporarily.②A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision,ruling that Myriad Genetics could indeed hold patents to two genes that help forecast a woman’s risk of breast cancer.③The chief executive of Myriad,a company in Utah,said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike.
①But as companies continue their attempts at personalid medicine,the courts will remain rather busy.②The Myriad ca itlf is probably not over.③Critics make three main arguments against gene patents:a gene is a product of nature,so it may not be patented;gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it;and patents’monopolies restrict access to genetic tests such as Myriad’s.④A growing number em to agree.⑤Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests.⑥In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad ca, arguing that an isolated DNA molecule“is no less a product han are cotton fibres that have been parated from cotton eds”.
①Despite the appeals court’s decision,big questions remain unanswered.②For example,it is unclear whether the quencing of a whole genome violates the patents of individual genes within it.③The ca may yet reach the Supreme Court.
①As the industry advances,however,other suits may have an even greater impact.②Companies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules—most are already patented or in the public domain.③Firms are now studying how genes interact,looking for correlations that might be ud to determine the caus of dia or predict a drug’s efficacy.④Companies are eager to win patents for“connecting the dots”,explains Hans Sauer,a lawyer for the BIO.
①Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue,brought by the Mayo Clinic,which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term.②The BIO recently held a convention which included ssions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents.③Each meeting was packed.
31.It can be learned from Paragraph1that the biotech companies would like.
[A]genes to be patentable[B]the BIO to issue a warning
[C]their executives to be active[D]judges to rule out gene patenting
32.Tho who are against gene patents believe that.
[A]genetic tests are not reliable
[B]only man-made products are patentable
[C]patents on genes depend much on innovation
[D]courts should restrict access to genetic tests
33.According to Hans Sauer,companies are eager to win patents for.
[A]discovering gene interactions[B]establishing dia correlations
[C]drawing pictures of genes[D]identifying human DNA
34.By saying“Each meeting was packed”(Para.6),the author means that.
[A]the supreme court was authoritative
[B]the BIO was a powerful organisation
[C]gene patenting was a great concern
[D]lawyers were keen to attend conventions
35.Generally speaking,the author’s attitude toward gene patenting is.
[A]critical[B]supportive
[C]scornful[D]objective
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Text4
①The great recession may be over,but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning.②Before it ends,it will likely change the life cour and character of a generation of young adults.③And ultimately,it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture,and the character of our society for years.
①No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster.②Many said that unemployment,while extremely painful,had improved them in some ways:they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent;they were more aware of the struggles of others.③In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off.④At the very least,it has awoken us from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger hous,and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending.
①But for the most part,the benefits em thin,uncertain,and far off.②In The Moral Conquences of Economic Growth,the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that both inside and outside
the U.S.,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive,and have usually stopped or reverd the advance of rights and freedoms.
③Anti-immigrant ntiment typically increas,as does conflict between races and class.
①Income inequality usually falls during a recession,but it has not shrunk in this one.②Indeed,this period of economic weakness may reinforce class divides,and decrea opportunities to cross them—especially for young people.③The rearch of Till Von Wachter,the economist at Columbia University,suggests that not all people graduating into a recession e their life chances dimmed:tho with degrees from elite universities catch up fairly quickly to where they otherwi would have been if they had graduated in better times;it is the mass beneath them that are left behind.
①In the Internet age,it is particularly easy to e the rentment that has always been hidden within American society.②More difficult,in the moment,is discerning precily how the lean times are affecting society’s character.③In many respects, the U.S.was more socially tolerant entering this recession than at any time in its history,and a variety of national polls on social conflict since then ha
ve shown mixed results.④We will have to wait and e exactly how the hard times will reshape our social fabric.⑤But they certainly will reshape it,and all the more so the longer they extend.
36.By saying“to find silver linings”（Para.2）the author suggests that the jobless try to.
[A]ek subsidies from the government
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[B]make profits from the troubled economy
[C]explore reasons for the unemployment
[D]look on the bright side of the recession
37.According to Paragraph2,the recession has made people.
[A]struggle against each other[B]realize the national dream
