外国语学院
英语084班九年级上册数学书
张一伟
学号:5101108154
The Death Of A Government Clerk
By Anton Chekhov
ONE fine evening, a no less fine government clerk called Ivan Dmitritch Tchervyakov was sitting in the cond row of the stalls, gazing through an opera glass at the Cloches de Corneville. He gazed and felt at the acme of bliss. But suddenly. . . . In stories one so often meets with this "But suddenly." The authors are right: life is so full of surpris! But suddenly his face puckered up, his eyes disappeared, his breathing was arrested . . . he took the opera glass from his eyes, bent over and . . . "Aptchee!!" he sneezed as you percei
ve. It is not reprehensible for anyone to sneeze anywhere. Peasants sneeze and so do police superintendents, and sometimes even privy councillors. All men sneeze. Tchervyakov was not in the least confud, he wiped his face with his handkerchief, and like a polite man, looked round to e whether he had disturbed any one by his sneezing. But then he was overcome with confusion. He saw that an old gentleman sitting in front of him in the first row of the stalls was carefully wiping his bald head and his neck with his glove and muttering something to himlf. In the old gentleman, Tchervyakov recognid Brizzhalov, a civilian general rving in the Department of Transport.
"I have spattered him," thought Tchervyakov, "he is not the head of my department, but still it is awkward. I must apologi."
Tchervyakov gave a cough, bent his whole person forward, and whispered in the general's ear.
"Pardon, your Excellency, I spattered you accidentally. . . ."
"Never mind, never mind."
"For goodness sake excu me, I . . . I did not mean to."
"Oh, plea, sit down! let me listen!"
Tchervyakov was embarrasd, he smiled stupidly and fell to gazing at the stage. He gazed at it but was no longer feeling bliss. He began to be troubled by uneasiness. In the interval, he went up to Brizzhalov, walked beside him, and overcoming his shyness, muttered:
"I spattered you, your Excellency, forgive me . . . you e . . . I didn't do it to . . . ."
"Oh, that's enough . . . I'd forgotten it, and you keep on about it!" said the general, moving his lower lip impatiently.
"He has forgotten, but there is a fiendish light in his eye," thought Tchervyakov, looking suspiciously at the general. "And he doesn't want to talk. I ought to explain to him . . . that I really didn't intend . . . that it is the law of nature or el he will think I meant to spit on him. He doesn't think so now, but he will think so later!"
On getting home, Tchervyakov told his wife of his breach of good manners. It struck him that his wife took too frivolous a view of the incident; she was a little frightened, but when she learned that Brizzhalov was in a different department, she was reassured.
"Still, you had better go and apologi," she said, "or he will think you don't know how to
behave in public."
"That's just it! I didapologi, but he took it somehow queerly . . . he didn't say a word of n. There wasn't time to talk properly."
Next day Tchervyakov put on a new uniform, had his hair cut and went to Brizzhalov's to explain; going into the general's reception room he saw there a number of petitioners and among them the general himlf, who was beginning to interview them. After questioning veral petitioners the general raid his eyes and looked at Tchervyakov.
"Yesterday at the Arcadia, if you recollect, your Excellency," the latter began, "I sneezed and . . . accidentally spattered . . . Exc. . . ."
"What nonn. . . . It's beyond anything! What can I do for you," said the general addressing the next petitioner.
"He won't speak," thought Tchervyakov, turning pale; "that means that he is angry. . . . No, it can't be left like this. . . . I will explain to him." 我的朋友结尾
When the general had finished his conversation with the last of the petitioners and was turning towards his inner apartments, Tchervyakov took a step towards him and muttered:
"Your Excellency! If I venture to trouble your Excellency, it is simply from a feeling I may say of regret! . . . It was not intentional if you will graciously believe me."
The general made a lachrymo face, and waved his hand.
"Why, you are simply making fun of me, sir," he said as he clod the door behind him.
"Where's the making fun in it?" thought Tchervyakov, "there is nothing of the sort! He is a general, but he can't understand. If that is how it is I am not going to apologi to that fanfaron any more! The devil take him. I'll write a letter to him, but I won't go. By Jove, I won't."
So thought Tchervyakov as he walked home; he did not write a letter to the general, he pondered and pondered and could not make up that letter. He had to go next day to explain in person.
"I ventured to disturb your Excellency yesterday," he muttered, when the general lifted enquiring eyes upon him, "not to make fun as you were plead to say. I was apologising for having spattered you in sneezing. . . . And I did not dream of making fun of you. Should I dare to make fun of you, if we should take to making fun, then there would be no
respect for persons, there would be. . . ."
"Be off!" yelled the general, turning suddenly purple, and shaking all over.
篆书福"What?" asked Tchervyakov, in a whisper turning numb with horror.
"Be off!" repeated the general, stamping.
Something emed to give way in Tchervyakov's stomach. Seeing nothing and hearing nothing he reeled to the door, went out into the street, and went staggering along. . . . Reaching home mechanically, without taking off his uniform, he lay down on the sofa and died.
(from《lected stories》,Anton Chekhov,出版社: Wordsworth Editions Ltd 集合教案,2007快胃舒肝丸年甲沟炎手术2月1日)研究生什么时候考试
选择原因:契诃夫小说《小职员之死》写于1883年,小说情节简练,只写了小职员打喷嚏之后引起的精神苦恼,最后在忧郁和恐惧中死去。作者短短几笔便对这个被黑暗社会吞噬了的小人物表达了深厚的同情,同时也激起人们对等级深严的俄国社会的憎恨。
契诃夫的小说善于从日常生活中发现具有典型意义的人和事,通过幽默可笑的情节进行艺
术概括,塑造出完整的典型形象,以此来反映当时的俄国社会。《小职员之死》塑造了胆小怕事,生活没有安全感的小人物形象和因循守旧、畏首畏尾、害怕变革者的软弱的保守分子形象,揭露当时人民的悲惨生活。什么衣服
人物刻画:文中的小公务员慑于权威,委曲求全,在长官面前如临深渊,如履薄冰,战战兢兢,最终失去了自我,自己被自己吓死。实际上他是被等级森严的官僚体制吓死了。
这篇小说批判了官本位意识,也批判了等级制度对人的异化。对于一个人来讲,任何时候都不能缺少独立自由的人格,丧失了人格就等于丧失了生命的尊严,也丧失了生存的价值。可是人是体制化的,是不断被异化的,作者通过小公务员的死表达了他对人的生存状态的担忧。
小说中艺术上的夸张正反映了现实真相,这就是艺术的真实。