第十四编《尽心下》
《尽心下- Jin Xin II》（共三十八章）
本篇是《孟子》全书的最后一篇，内容仍然很丰富，其中有一些著名的章节和名言警句。全篇原文共38章。
26属什么第一章仁者以其所爱及其所不爱
孟子曰：“不仁哉梁惠王也！仁者以其所爱及其所不爱，不仁者以其所不爱及其所爱
Mencius said, 'The opposite indeed of benevolent was the king Hui of Liang! The benevolent, beginning with what they care for, proceed to what they do not care for. Tho who are the opposite of benevolent, beginning with what they do not care for, proceed to what they care for.'
公孙丑问曰：“何谓也？”
Gong Sun Chou said, 'What do you mean?'
“梁惠王以土地之故，糜烂其民而战之，大败。将复之，恐不能胜，故驱其所爱子弟以殉之，是之谓以其所不爱及其所爱也。”
Mencius answered, 'The king Hui of Liang, for the matter of territory, tore and destroyed his people, leading them to battle. Sustaining a great defeat, he would engage again, and afraid lest they should not be able to cure the victory, urged his son whom he loved till he sacrificed him with them. This is what I call "beginning with what they do not care for, and proceeding to what they care for."'
【译文】
孟子说：“很不仁爱啊梁惠王！仁爱的人把所喜爱的推及到所不喜爱的，不仁爱的人把所不喜爱的推及到所喜爱的上面。”
公孙丑说：“这是什么意思呢？”
孟子说：“梁惠王为了扩张土地的缘故，不惜让自己的人民粉身碎骨上战场，打了败仗，又准备再战，因此驱使自己所喜爱的子弟去献身，这就称之为把所不喜爱的推及到所喜爱的上面。”
第二章春秋无义战
孟子曰：“春秋无义战。彼善于此，则有之矣。征者，上伐下也，敌国1不相征也。”
Mencius said, 'In the "Spring and Autumn" there are no righteous wars. Instances indeed there are of
one war better than another. "Correction" is when the supreme authority punishes its subjects by force of arms. Hostile States do not correct one another.'
【注释】
1：敌国：指地位相等的国家。“敌”在这里不是“敌对”的意思。智力抢答
订单的英文
【译文】
孟子说：“春秋时代没有合乎义的战争。那一国或许比这一国要好一点，这样的情况倒是有的。所谓征，是指上讨伐下，同等级的国家之间是不能够相互讨伐的。”
第三章尽信书，则不如无书
孟子曰：“尽信书，则不如无书。吾于《武成》1，取二三策2而已矣。仁人无敌于天下，以至仁伐至不仁，而何其血之流杵3也？
Mencius said, 'It would be better to be without the Book of History than to give entire credit to it. In the "Completion of the War," I lect two or three passages only, which I believe. "The benevolent man has no enemy under heaven. When the prince the most benevolent was engaged against him
who was the most the opposite, how could the blood of the people have flowed till it floated the pestles of the mortars?"'
【注释】
1：《武成》：《尚书》的篇名。现存《武成》篇是伪古文。
2：策：竹简。古代用竹简书写，一策相当于我们今天说一页。
3：杵（Chu）：舂米或捶衣的木棒。
【译文】
孟子说：“完全相信书，那还不如没有书。我对于《武成》这一篇书，就只相信其中的二三页罢了。仁人在天下没有敌手，以周武王这样极为仁道的人去讨伐商纣这样极不仁道的人，怎么会使鲜血流得来可以漂起木棒呢？”
第四章国君好仁，天下无敌
孟子曰：“有人曰：‘我善为阵，我善为战。’大罪也。国君好仁，天下无敌焉。南面而征北狄怨；东面
而征西夷怨，曰：‘奚为后我？’武王之伐殷也，革车三百辆，虎贲三千人。王曰：‘无畏！宁尔也，非敌百姓也。’若崩厥角稽首。征之为言正也，各欲正己也，焉用战？”
Mencius said, 'There are men who say "I am skilful at marshalling troops, I am skilful at conducting a battle!" They are great criminals. If the ruler of a State love benevolence, he will have no enemy in the kingdom. When Tang was executing his work of correction in the south, the rude tribes on the north murmured. When he was executing it in the east, the rude tribes on the west murmured. Their cry was "Why does he make us last?" When king Wu punished Y in, he had only three hundred chariots of war, and three thousand life-guards. The king said, "Do not fear. Let me give you repo. I am no enemy to the people!" On this, they bowed their heads to the earth, like the horns of animals falling off. "Royal correction" is but another word for rectifying.
Each State wishing itlf to be corrected, what need is there for fighting?'
【译文】
孟子说：“有人说：‘我善于陈兵，我善于作战。’这都是大犯罪。一个国家的君主喜好爱民，天下就没有敌人了。向南征而北边的狄族埋怨他，向东征而西边的夷族埋怨他，人民都说：‘为什么后面才到我们呢？’周武王征伐殷商，只出动兵车三百辆，勇士三千人。周武王说：‘不用害怕，我是来安定你们的，
不是与老百姓为敌的。’百姓象山倒塌一样叩头行礼。征的意思就是正，都想匡正自己的国家，何必用战争呢？”
第五章能与人规矩，不能使人巧
孟子曰：“梓匠轮舆能与人规矩，不能使人巧。”
Mencius said, 'A carpenter or a carriage-maker may give a man the circle and square, but cannot make him skilful in the u of them.'
【译文】
孟子说：“能工巧匠能够教会别人规矩法则，但不能够教会别人巧。”
第六章尽心知命地去爱民
孟子曰：“舜之饭糗1茹2草也，若将终身焉；及其为天子也，被袗3衣，鼓琴，二女果4，若固有之。”
Mencius said, 'Shun's manner of eating his parched grain and herbs was as if he were to be doing so all his life. When he became sovereign, and had the embroidered robes to wear, the lute to play,
and the two daughters of Y ao to wait on him, he was as if tho things belonged to him as a matter of cour.'
【注释】
1.糗：（qiu朽）《周礼•籩人》：“糗饵粉飺。”《国语•楚语》：“糗一筐。”《说文》：“糗，熬米麦也。”这里用为炒熟的米麦等谷物之意。
2.茹：《诗•大雅•庶民》：“柔则茹之。”《礼记•礼运》：“饮其血，茹其毛。”《庄子•人间世》：“回之家贫，唯不饮酒不茹荤者数月矣。”《方言》：“茹，食也。吴越之间，凡贪饮食者谓之茹。”这里用为“吃”之意。
3.袗：（zhen珍）这里用为绣有花纹的华贵衣服之意。
4.果：通“祼”。《周礼•春官》：“大宾客则摄而载果。”古代帝王以酒祭奠祖先或赐宾客饮之礼之意。
【译文】
孟子说：“舜啃干粮吃野草的时候，好像要这样过一辈子；等到他成为天子，穿华贵的衣服，弹着琴，有尧的两个女儿如对贵宾一样侍候他，又好像这是本来就有的一样。”
第七章知杀人亲之重
心理活动的意义
孟子曰：“吾今而后知杀人亲之重也：杀人之父，人亦杀其父；杀人之兄，人亦杀其兄。然则非自杀之也，一间1耳。”
Mencius said, 'From this time forth I know the heavy conquences of killing a man's near relations. When a man kills another's father, that other will kill his father; when a man kills another's elder brother, that other will kill his elder brother. So he does not himlf indeed do the act, but there is only an interval between him and it.'
礼貌怎么写【注释】
1：间：《老子•四十三章》：“无有入无间，吾是以知无为之有益。”《墨子经》：“有閒中也。”《庄子•养生主》：“彼节者有间。”《史记•管晏传》：“从门閒而窥其夫。”《说文》：“閒，隙也。从門，中见月。会意。”这里用为间隙之意。
可能用英语怎么说【译文】
孟子说：“我现在懂得了杀死别人亲人的严重性了；杀死别人的父亲，别人也会杀死他的父亲；杀死别人的兄长，别人也会杀死他的兄长。那么即使不是自己杀死自己的亲人，也就只有一点点间隙了。”
第八章为关者应以御暴
孟子曰：“古之为关也，将以御暴；今之为关也，将以为暴。
Mencius said, 'Anciently, the establishment of the frontier-gates was to guard against violence. Nowadays, it is to exerci violence.'
【译文】
孟子说：“古代设置关卡，是准备抵抗残暴的；如今的关卡，却是用来推行暴政的。”
第九章齐家者爱妻
孟子曰：“身不行道，不行于妻子；使人不以道，不能行于妻子。”
Mencius said, 'If a man himlf do not walk in the right path, it will not be walked in even by his wife and children. If he order men according to what is not the right way, he will not be able to get the obedience of even his wife and children.'
【译文】
实腹钢柱孟子说：“自身不行为于自己的人生道路，也就不能行为于妻子；使唤别人不以正确的人生道路，也就不能行为于妻子。”
第十章心中清明透亮
孟子曰：“周1于利者凶年不能杀2，周于德者邪世不能乱。”
Mencius said, 'A bad year cannot prove the cau of death to him who stores of gain are large; an age of corruption cannot confound him who equipment of virtue is complete.'
【注释】
1.周：《诗•小雅•鹿鸣》：“人之好我，示我周行。”《诗小雅皇皇者华》：“载驰载驱，周爰咨谋。”《左传•昭公四年》：“其藏之也周。”《国语•鲁语》：“忠信为周。”《管子•人主》：“人不可不周。”《论语•为政》：“君子周而不比，小人比而不周。”《礼记•缁衣》：“自周有终。”《说文》：“周，密也。”这里用为周密、周到之意。
2.杀：《礼记•乐记》：“是故志微噍杀之音作，而民思忧。《集韵•怪韵》：“杀，削也。”苏轼《次韵林子中春日新堤书事》：“为报年来杀风景，连江梦雨不知春。”这里用为败坏，衰败之意。
【译文】
孟子说：“周密计划于利益的人，灾荒之年不致衰败；周密计划于规律的人，邪恶的世道不能够使他迷乱。”
第十一章爱人者谦让
孟子曰：“好名之人能让千乘之国，苟非其人，箪食豆羹见于色。
Mencius said, 'A man who loves fame may be able to decline a State of a thousand chariots; but if he be not really the man to do such a thing, it will appear in his countenance, in the matter of a dish of rice or a platter of soup.'
【译文】
孟子说：“喜好名声的人能够谦让一个有千乘兵车的国家，如果不是这样的人，即便是叫他让出一碗饭、一碗汤，他也会表现出不高兴的神情。”
第十四编《尽心下》(12)
第十二章不信仁贤，则国空虚
孟子曰：“不信仁贤，则国空虚；无礼义，则上下乱；无政事，则财用不足。”
Mencius said, 'If men of virtue and ability be not confided in, a State will become empty and void.
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