增词和减词的翻译.ppt.Convertor
Amplification vs. Omission
d开头的英文名增词和减词
Amplification vs. Omission
Ⅰ. Amplification in English-Chine translation
Amplification means to add necessary words, phras, claus or ntences to the translated text in purpo of making it consistent with the target language in meaning, grammar and culture connotation（内涵）.
Amplification does not add new information to the message and only help understand the text.
In this part we will analyze how to u amplification to achieve equivalence in English-Chine translation in the three levels：syntactic（句法）, mantic（语义）, and rhetori
cal（修辞）.
1. Syntactic amplification
To make syntactic amplification, two cas are quite often involved, filling out elliptical （省略的）expressions and adding more explicit（明确的）indication of relations.
In English there are more elliptical ntences by the omission of the subject, predicate, object, attribute, adverbial modifier and the like. The purpo is to make the ntence succinct（简洁的）and stress the main points.关于鱼的网名
But in Chine people may prefer to u explicit word to express implicit meaning.
So some redundant（多余的）information should be added in certain context in English-Chine translation.
1). Addition of noun after the posssive ca
Her tone was more friendly than Davi d’s (tone).
她的语气要比大卫的语气友好。
2). Addition of noun after adjective
She sang her sweetest (song).
她唱了最动听的歌曲。
3). Addition of noun after preposition
Shall I write my name on, above or below the line?
我把名字写在线上，还是线的上方或下方呢？
4). Addition of the main verb after auxiliary（助词）
They would stop if they could (stop).
叠被子步骤如果他们能停的话他们会停下来的。
5). Addition of verb after infinitive
At last he agreed to do What I asked him to (do).
最后他们同意去做我要他做的事。
6). Addition of predictive after copula（连系动词）个人成长规划
I was scared as the children were (scared) too.
心理健康问题我惊呆了, 孩子们也给吓住了。
7). Addition of subject and the main verb
By birth he was an Englishman; by profession, a sailor; by instinct and training, a rebel.
就出生说，他是英国人；就职业说，他是海员；就本性和教育说，他是背叛者。
2. Semantic amplification
Some borrowed terms are so mantically condend浓缩in the source language that they are required to expand in the receptor language. For instance,
Jeep 吉普车
pizza 比萨饼
sauna桑那浴
neon 霓虹灯
Some words have complete meanings in English ntences, such as intransitive verbs（不及物动词）, certain adjectives, abstract nouns.
However, when translated into Chine literally, their meanings become incomplete, so they must be amplified in order to meet the demands of Chine grammar so as to be understood easily by the target readers.
1) She could knit when she was ven.
她七岁时就会织毛衣。
(Addition of noun after the intransitive verbs)
2) Day after day he came to work---sweeping, scrubbing, cleaning.
他每天干活--扫地，擦地板，收拾房间
(Addition of noun after the intransitive verbs)。
3) This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
这台打字机真是价廉物美。
(Addition of noun before the adjectives)
4) He is a complicated man----moody, mercurial with a melancholy streak.
它是一个性格复杂的人--喜怒无常，反复多变，有些忧郁寡欢。
5) The leader is not satisfied with our preparation.
领导对我们的准备工作不满意。(Addition of noun after the abstract nouns)
6) We will help this region out of this backwardness.
交友诗句我们要帮助这一地区摆脱落后状况。(persuasion说服工作, preparation准备工作, tension紧张局势, arrogance自满情绪，madness疯狂行为, antagonism敌对态度) (Addition of noun after the abstract nouns)
3. Rhetorical amplification
The particle of mood is a peculiar rhetorical device in Chine, and is ud in the middle and the end of ntences to indicate mood , such as, “呢，吧，呀，吗，罢了，而已”etc. Different one plays different role in the ntence, like affirmative, interrogative, imperative, pau, and so on. But there are no particles of mood in English.
Therefore, when the English text is translated into Chine, the translator analyzes the original ntence carefully and adds the particles. The implication and rhetorical color of the original work has been transmitted to the readers faithfully.
For example,
Don’t take it riously. I’m just making fun of you.
不要认真嘛！我不过开开玩笑罢了。
As for me, I didn’t agree from the very beginning.
亚述我呢，从一开始就不赞成。
Ⅱ.Ellipsis in English-Chine translation
哈瓦斯社Chine, one of the conci languages in the world also has plentiful approaches to be ter and succinct.
Ellipsis is one of them. It functions enormously differently from that of the English language system. Chine generally omits tho lf-evident words.
1. The omission of personal pronoun
According to the English grammar, the referential relationship must be clear. A standard English has complete subject, predicate and object. But in Chine veral predicates may share a common subject, so the personal pronoun as the subject may be omitted in
Chine translation.
