一个人去旅行
BEC剑桥商务英语(高级)2
(总分22, 做题时间149分钟)
SECTION 1 (Questions 1-8) -Look at the statements (marked 1-8) below and the five extracts from an article (marked A-E). -Which article (marked A-E) does each statement (marked 1-8) refer to? -You will need to u some of the letters (marked A-E) more
A
初心是什么意思 Managers control other employees. This is a vital function of management that varies only in degree and style. One area of change threatens to reduce the degree substantially: the "dilution" of control downward. A key function from the beginning, control shares the collective esnce of management with planning, organizing, staffing, and directing. Some would add two more: innovating and reprenting. Today, many prefer a less autocratic-sounding word, but the logic remains convincing: Somebody must "run things". By implicati
on, monitoring that process is also necessary if an effective, profitable organization is to be realized.
B
蝉联的意思
Some control has already been diluted when the authority to make decisions in the boss''s name is delegated. Needed especially as organizations grow larger, delegation almost inevitably generates tension. Managers know they should and must delegate, for many reasons. No matter how skilled and experienced, one person can neither do everything nor make all necessary decisions. Even if that superhuman ability existed, the development of promotable subordinates would be compromid.
C
Regardless of how necessary and desirable, however, delegation remains difficult. Typically, managers view letting a "less qualified person" do the job as illogical. They also fear potential loss of power and control. Despite such resistance, recent years have en
greater pressure to delegate. Tho who like to invent terminology might call the new situation "delegation-plus", or perhaps "macro-delegation". Even the basic word might be ready for retirement.
D
In other words, long-existing delegation of authority down the chain of command has been supplemented greatly by widespread "empowerment". Decision-making has been "pushed downward" with a vengeance. Emphasis has been placed on decentralization and multiple teams. Caus are both philosophical and practical. Some e a pervasive paradigm shift. A vigorous effort is being made in benchmark firms not only to ek constantly better ways to do things but to do so more democratically, for assumed long-run effectiveness. One way to do this is to push organizational decision-making downward. Practically speaking, this effort is complemented by widespread downsizing. The restructuring that accompanies it: often means reducing the number of middle managers. In the resulting "flat" organizations, tho who remain wield broader spans of control or management, meaning they have more people to supervi.
E
Despite its popularity and even urgency, downward shifting provokes rious questions. Is it possible to reduce a manager''s operational control too much? Is the concept of "diminishing returns" likely, as in economic theory? The trend has been long ongoing! if that point does exist, how clo are we? Is endless decentralization logical? Delegation per does not have to compromi management control; should not, in fact, provided the needed skill exists. But the danger is always prent.
0. Controlling is significant in management however it changes to some extent. (E)
1.
However managers are afraid of losing control, the pressure to delegate has been en recently.
A B C D E F 朱德庸G H
该问题分值: 0.125
答案:D
2.
With the development of companies, more decision-makings are authorized in the boss's name.
A B C D E F G H
该问题分值: 0.125
答案:B
3.
Companies should place their emphasis on decentralization and group work for philosophical and practical reasons.
A B 攀爬C D E F G H
该问题分值: 0.125
答案:H
4.
Definition of controlling reflects a democratic aspect of management.
A B C D E F G H
该问题分值: 0.125
答案:A
5.
Empowerment is a good supplement to the delegation of authority downward.
A B C D E F G H
该问题分值: 0.125
微软云azure答案:H
6.
Though it is popular and urgent, downward shifting in management rais many rious questions.
A B C D E F G H
该问题分值: 0.125
答案:E
营养英语
7.
More rights have to be given to promotable subordinates, even though the boss is competent.
A B 膏药制作C D E F G H
该问题分值: 0.125
答案:B
8.
Though nowadays many people like a more collective-sounding word, running and monitoring is also significant.
