linux中ping命令详解,linux中的ping命令的详细解释
linxu下的ping命令的主要功能就是确定⽹络状态，下⾯由秋天⽹ Qiutian.ZqNF.Com⼩编为⼤家整理了linux的ping命令的详细解释的相关知识，希望对⼤家有帮助!
⼀、linux中的ping命令的详细解释
1.命令格式：
ping [参数] [主机名或ip地址]
2.命令功能：
ping命令⽤于：确定⽹络和各外部主机的状态；跟踪和隔离硬件和软件问题；测 试、评估和管理⽹络。如果主机正在运⾏并连在⽹上，它就对回送信号进⾏响应。每个回送信号请求包含⼀个⽹际协议(ip)和 icmp 头，后⾯紧跟⼀ 个 tim 结构，以及来填写这个信息包的⾜够的字节。缺省情况是连续发送回送信号请求直到接收到中断信号(ctrl-c)。
ping 命 令每秒发送⼀个数据报并且为每个接收到的响应打印⼀⾏输出。ping 命令计算信号往返时间和(信息)包丢失情况的统计信息，并且在完成之后显⽰⼀个简要 总结。ping 命令在程序超时或当接收到 sigint 信号时结束。host 参数或者是⼀个有效的主机名或者是因特⽹地址。
植物介绍
3.命令参数：
-d 使⽤socket的so_debug功能。
-f 极限检测。⼤量且快速地送⽹络封包给⼀台机器，看它的回应。
-n 只输出数值。
-q 不显⽰任何传送封包的信息，只显⽰最后的结果。
-r 忽略普通的routing table，直接将数据包送到远端主机上。通常是查看本机的⽹络接⼝是否有问题。
-r 记录路由过程。
-v 详细显⽰指令的执⾏过程。
长安一片月-c 数⽬：在发送指定数⽬的包后停⽌。
-i 秒数：设定间隔⼏秒送⼀个⽹络封包给⼀台机器，预设值是⼀秒送⼀次。
-i ⽹络界⾯：使⽤指定的⽹络界⾯送出数据包。
-
l 前置载⼊：设置在送出要求信息之前，先⾏发出的数据包。
-p 范本样式：设置填满数据包的范本样式。
-s 字节数：指定发送的数据字节数，预设值是56，加上8字节的icmp头，⼀共是64icmp数据字节。
-t 存活数值：设置存活数值ttl的⼤⼩。
⼆、linux中的ping命令的详解实例
实例1：ping的通的情况
命令：
ping 192.168.120.205
输出：
java代码
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_q=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_q=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_q=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_q=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_q=5 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms
--- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms
[[email protected] ~]#
说明：
实例2：ping不通的情况
命令：
ping 192.168.120.202
输出：
java代码
离婚起诉书样板[[email protected] ~]# ping 192.168.120.202
ping 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data.
from 192.168.120.204 icmp_q=1 destination host unreachable
from 192.168.120.204 icmp_q=2 destination host unreachable
from 192.168.120.204 icmp_q=3 destination host unreachable
from 192.168.120.204 icmp_q=4 destination host unreachable
from 192.168.120.204 icmp_q=5 destination host unreachable
from 192.168.120.204 icmp_q=6 destination host unreachable
-
-- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics ---
8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms , pipe 4
[[email protected] ~]#
说明：
实例3：ping⽹关
楚乔传宇文席命令：
ping -b 192.168.120.1
输出：
kernel ip routing table
destination gateway genmask flags metric ref u iface
192.168.120.0 * 255.255.255.0 u 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.255.0.0 ug 0 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.0.0.0 ug 0 0 0 eth0
default 192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0 ug 0 0 0 eth0
宝宝鸡蛋羹[[email protected] ~]# ping -b 192.168.120.1
ping 192.168.120.1 (192.168.120.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_q=1 ttl=255 time=2.02 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_q=2 ttl=255 time=1.83 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_q=3 ttl=255 time=1.68 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_q=4 ttl=255 time=1.98 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_q=5 ttl=255 time=1.88 ms
--- 192.168.120.1 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms
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rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129 ms
说明：
实例4：ping指定次数
命令：
ping -c 10 192.168.120.206
输出：
java代码
[[email protected] ~]# ping -c 10 192.168.120.206
ping 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: ic
mp_q=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms
--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms
[[email protected] ~]#
说明：
实例5：时间间隔和次数限制的ping
命令：
ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206
输出：
java代码
[[email protected] ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206
ping 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms
mix的名词64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms --- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms
[[email protected] ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.01 192.168.120.206
ping 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=1 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=2 ttl=64 time=0.195 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=3 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=4 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms 64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=5 ttl=64 time=3.56 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=8 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=9 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=10 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms
--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---
10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 90ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080 ms
[[email protected] ~]#
三、linux中的ping命令知识扩展
怎样使⽤ping这命令来测试⽹络连通呢?
·连通问题是由许多原因引起的，如本地配置错误、远程主机协议失效等，当然还包括设备等造成的故障。⾸先我们讲⼀下使⽤ping命令的步骤。
·使⽤ping检查连通性有六个步骤：
·1.使⽤ifconfig观察本地⽹络设置是否正确;
·2.ping127.0.0.1，127.0.0.1回送地址ping回送地址是为了检查本地的tcp/ip协议有没有设置好;
·3.ping本机ip地址，这样是为了检查本机的ip地址是否设置有误;
·4.ping本⽹⽹关或本⽹ip地址，这样的是为了检查硬件设备是否有问题，也可以检查本机与本地⽹络连接是否正常;(在⾮局域⽹中这⼀步骤可以忽略)
·5.ping本地dns地址，这样做是为了检查dns是否能够将ip正确解析。
·6.ping远程ip地址，这主要是检查本⽹或本机与外部的连接是否正常。
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