Linux常⽤命令之ping命令详解和使⽤例⼦（查看⽹络通
不通）
它通过发送ICMP ECHO_REQUEST数据包到⽹络主机（nd ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network hosts），并显⽰响应情况，这样我们就可以根据它输出的信息来确定⽬标主机是否可访问（但这不是绝对的）。有些服务器为了防⽌通过ping探测到，通过防⽕墙设置了禁⽌ping或者在内核参数中禁⽌ping，这样就不能通过ping确定该主机是否还处于开启状态。
linux下的ping和windows下的ping稍有区别,linux下ping不会⾃动终⽌，需要按ctrl+c终⽌或者⽤参数-c指定要求完成的回应次数。
1.命令格式：
ping [参数] [主机名或IP地址]
2.命令功能：
ping命令⽤于：确定⽹络和各外部主机的状态；跟踪和隔离硬件和软件问题；测试、评估和管理⽹络。如果主机正在运⾏并连在⽹上，它就对回送信号进⾏响应。每个回送信号请求包含⼀个⽹际协议（IP）
和 ICMP 头，后⾯紧跟⼀个 tim 结构，以及来填写这个信息包的⾜够的字节。缺省情况是连续发送回送信号请求直到接收到中断信号（Ctrl-C）。
ping 命令每秒发送⼀个数据报并且为每个接收到的响应打印⼀⾏输出。ping 命令计算信号往返时间和(信息)包丢失情况的统计信息，并且在完成之后显⽰⼀个简要总结。ping 命令在程序超时或当接收到 SIGINT 信号时结束。Host 参数或者是⼀个有效的主机名或者是因特⽹地址。
3.命令参数：
-d 使⽤Socket的SO_DEBUG功能。
-f 极限检测。⼤量且快速地送⽹络封包给⼀台机器，看它的回应。
-n 只输出数值。
-q 不显⽰任何传送封包的信息，只显⽰最后的结果。
-r 忽略普通的Routing Table，直接将数据包送到远端主机上。通常是查看本机的⽹络接⼝是否有问题。
-R 记录路由过程。
-v 详细显⽰指令的执⾏过程。
<p>-c 数⽬：在发送指定数⽬的包后停⽌。
-i 秒数：设定间隔⼏秒送⼀个⽹络封包给⼀台机器，预设值是⼀秒送⼀次。
-I ⽹络界⾯：使⽤指定的⽹络界⾯送出数据包。
-l 前置载⼊：设置在送出要求信息之前，先⾏发出的数据包。
-p 范本样式：设置填满数据包的范本样式。
-s 字节数：指定发送的数据字节数，预设值是56，加上8字节的ICMP头，⼀共是64ICMP数据字节。
-t 存活数值：设置存活数值TTL的⼤⼩。
4.使⽤实例：
实例1：ping的通的情况
命令：ping 192.168.120.205
输出：
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代码如下:
[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.205
PING 192.168.120.205 (192.168.120.205) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_q=1 ttl=64 time=0.720 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_q=2 ttl=64 time=0.181 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_q=3 ttl=64 time=0.191 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_q=4 ttl=64 time=0.188 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.205: icmp_q=5 ttl=64 time=0.189 ms</p> <p>--- 192.168.120.205 ping statistics ---5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms
物外之趣印花税率rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.181/0.293/0.720/0.214 ms
[root@localhost ~]#
实例2：ping不通的情况
命令：ping 192.168.120.202
输出：
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代码如下:
[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.120.202
PING 192.168.120.202 (192.168.120.202) 56(84) bytes of data.
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_q=1 Destination Host Unreachable
地方经济From 192.168.120.204 icmp_q=2 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_q=3 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_q=4 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_q=5 Destination Host Unreachable
From 192.168.120.204 icmp_q=6 Destination Host Unreachable</p> <p>--- 192.168.120.202 ping statistics ---8 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 7005ms
, pipe 4
[root@localhost ~]#
实例3：ping⽹关
命令：ping -b 192.168.120.1
输出：
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代码如下:
[root@localhost ~]# route在开头的四字成语
Kernel IP routing table
土字旁有什么字
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref U Iface
192.168.120.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.255.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 192.168.120.1 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
default 192.168.120.240 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
[root@localhost ~]# ping -b 192.168.120.1
PING 192.168.120.1 (192.168.120.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_q=1 ttl=255 time=2.02 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_q=2 ttl=255 time=1.83 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_q=3 ttl=255 time=1.68 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_q=4 ttl=255 time=1.98 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.1: icmp_q=5 ttl=255 time=1.88 ms</p> <p>--- 192.168.120.1 ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 4000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 1.682/1.880/2.020/0.129 ms
实例4：ping指定次数
命令：ping -c 10 192.168.120.206
输出：
复制代码
代码如下:
[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=1 ttl=64 time=1.25 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=2 ttl=64 time=0.260 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=3 ttl=64 time=0.242 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=4 ttl=64 time=0.271 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=5 ttl=64 time=0.274 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=6 ttl=64 time=0.295 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=7 ttl=64 time=0.269 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=8 ttl=64 time=0.270 ms
西双版纳旅游64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=9 ttl=64 time=0.253 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=10 ttl=64 time=0.289 ms</p> <p>--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 9000ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.242/0.367/1.251/0.295 ms
[root@localhost ~]#
酗酒有什么害处
实例5：时间间隔和次数限制的ping
命令：ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206
输出：
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代码如下:
[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.5 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=1 ttl=64 time=1.24 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=2 ttl=64 time=0.235 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=3 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=4 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=5 ttl=64 time=0.255 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=6 ttl=64 time=0.264 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=7 ttl=64 time=0.263 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=8 ttl=64 time=0.331 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=9 ttl=64 time=0.247 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=10 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms</p> <p>--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 4499ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.235/0.362/1.241/0.294 ms
[root@localhost ~]# ping -c 10 -i 0.01 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=1 ttl=64 time=0.244 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=2 ttl=64 time=0.195 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=3 ttl=64 time=0.219 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=4 ttl=64 time=0.204 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=5 ttl=64 time=3.56 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=6 ttl=64 time=1.93 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=7 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=8 ttl=64 time=0.193 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=9 ttl=64 time=0.202 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=10 ttl=64 time=0.211 ms</p> <p>--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---10 packets transmitted, 10 received, 0% packet loss, time 90ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.193/0.716/3.564/1.080 ms
[root@localhost ~]#
实例6：通过域名ping公⽹上的站点
命令：ping -c 5
输出：
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代码如下:
peida-VirtualBox ~ # ping -c 5
PING (211.151.111.30) 56(84) bytes of data.
狗尾巴草读音64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=1 ttl=49 time=14.7 ms
64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=2 ttl=49 time=16.4 ms
64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=3 ttl=49 time=15.2 ms
64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=4 ttl=49 time=14.6 ms
64 bytes from 211.151.111.30: icmp_req=5 ttl=49 time=19.9 ms</p> <p>--- ping statistics ---
5 packets transmitted, 5 received, 0% packet loss, time 20101ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 14.618/16.192/19.917/1.965 ms
peida-VirtualBox ~ #
实例7：多参数使⽤
命令：ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206
输出：
复制代码
代码如下:
[root@localhost ~]# ping -i 3 -s 1024 -t 255 192.168.120.206
PING 192.168.120.206 (192.168.120.206) 1024(1052) bytes of data.
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=1 ttl=64 time=1.99 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=2 ttl=64 time=0.694 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=3 ttl=64 time=0.300 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=4 ttl=64 time=0.481 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=5 ttl=64 time=0.415 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=6 ttl=64 time=0.600 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=7 ttl=64 time=0.411 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=8 ttl=64 time=0.281 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=9 ttl=64 time=0.318 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=10 ttl=64 time=0.362 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=11 ttl=64 time=0.408 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=12 ttl=64 time=0.445 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=13 ttl=64 time=0.397 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=14 ttl=64 time=0.406 ms
1032 bytes from 192.168.120.206: icmp_q=15 ttl=64 time=0.458 ms</p> <p>--- 192.168.120.206 ping statistics ---15 packets transmitted, 15 received, 0% packet loss, time 41999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.281/0.531/1.993/0.404 ms
[root@localhost ~]#
说明：-i 3 发送周期为 3秒 -s 设置发送包的⼤⼩为1024 -t 设置TTL值为 255
