被动语态(PASSIVE VOICE)
一、构成
英语有两种语态：主动语态(Active Voice)和被动语态(Passive Voice)。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者/施动者(agent)，被动语态表示主语是谓语动作的承受者/受动者(recipient)，其构成为“be+过去分词”。例如：
They will widen the road.他们将拓宽道路。(主动)
The road will be widened.道路将被拓宽。(被动)
Granny takes care of the baby.奶奶照看宝宝。(主动)
The baby is taken care of by Granny.宝宝由奶奶照看。(被动)
Privileges must be done away with.特权必须废除。
The matter will be dealt with as soon as possible.这事将尽快处理。
1.被动语态各种时态形式表
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are + asked am/is/are + being asked has/have + been asked
过去 was/were + asked was/were + being asked had been asked
将来 shall/will + be asked shall/will + have been asked
过去将来should would + be asked should/would + have been asked
The horizon of life is broadened chiefly by the enlargement of the heart.生活的地平线主要是随着心灵的开阔而变宽广的。(一般现在时)
Hill slopes are cleared of forests to make way forcrops.
山坡上的树林都被砍光了，用来种庄稼。(一般现在时)
That day is pictured as far in the future.
画娃娃
人们看来，那一天还遥遥无期呢。(一般现在时)
They were given a warm nd-off.他们受到热烈的欢送。(一般过去时)
契机As I walked along the street, my mind was flooded by waves of nostalgia.我走在这条街上，怀旧之情澎湃心间。(一般过去时)
Their wedding will be held in the church.
他们的婚礼将在教堂里举行。(一般将来时)
Mailed out automatically, the e-mail will be received by all the club members.
电子邮件自动发出，所有的会员都会收到。(一般将来时)
I'm afraid I am being followed.恐怕我被人跟踪了。(现在进行时)
We had to take a detour.The road was beingrepaired.
我们得绕行，这条路在维修。(过去进行时)
做梦杀蛇
The ca has recently been tried.案子最近已经审过了。(现在完成时)越州天湖
All the tickets had been sold out when theyarrived.
屁很臭
他们到达时，所有的票已经售完。(过去完成时)
They were toldthat the result wouldbe announced the next week.
他们被告知，结果将在下一周宣布。(过去将来时)
2.情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的谓语变为被动语态时，结构为：一般式：情态动词(can，could，may,might,must, should， need等)+be+过去分词
完成式：情态动词(can,could, may, might, must, should, need等) +have been+过去分词
This can be done by hand.这可以手工做。
This mustn't be neglected.这一点不可忽视。It needn't be mentioned in your talk.这一点你
在谈话中不必提及。
The environment should be improved.环境应当改善。
The project might have been completed earlier.这项工程本可以早些完工的。
Such a situation could have been changed.这种状况本可以改变的。
They shouldn't have been told about the plan.
这个计划是不应当告诉他们的。
Lost health may be replaced by temperance ormedicine.
失去的健康可以靠节制或药物而复得。
3.be going to等不定式结构的被动形式
这类不定式结构的被动形式为：
邓毛谢古
be going to/ought to/be to/be bound to/be sureto+be+过去分词
be certain to/be due to/be about to/have/has to/had to+be+过去分词
The patient ought to be operated on at once.这病人应当立即动手术。
The flowers ought to be watered every other day.这些花应隔天浇一次水。
The meeting is going to be held next week.会议将于下周举行。
Other problems also have to be faced.还需面对其他问题。
It'll have to be proofread once more.这得重新校对一遍。
Such people are to be punished.这种人应受到惩罚。
Not a cloud was to be en.看不到一丝云。
The thief is sure to be caught.那个小偷一定会被抓住的。
They are certain to be given more care.他们一定会得到更多的关照。
The enemy is bound to be defeated.敌人一定会被打败。
The book is due to be published in the comingspring.
这本书将在来年春天出版。
The decoration is about to be finished.装修即将结束。
Another railway is going to be built in this area.这个地区将修建另一条铁路。
The trip is to be cancelled becau of the badweather.由于天气恶劣，旅行将要被取消。
二、被动语态使用要点
1.不及物动词不能用于被动语态
appear, ri, die, happen, occur,lie, depart等都属此类动词。例如：
Many accidents occur in the home.许多事故都发生在家中。
The train for Shanghai will depart from platform
5.开往上海的火车将从5号站台发车。观音莲花语
Smoke ro from the chimney.烟从烟囱中冉冉升起。
2.表示状态的动词不能用于被动语态
英语中有些动词(短语动词)不是表示动作，而是表示某种状态或情况，有“拥有、容纳、适合、缺
少、明白”等意，这类动词不能用于被动语态。这类动词有些是及物动词。常见的有：lack，fit适合，mean, hold, have有， flee, owe, total, remble, cost, equal, contain, suit, compri, become, last, posss, benefit, befit, suffice, suffer,befall降 临，fail, consist of, look like, feel like, belong to等。例如：
The book costs 10 yuan.这本书10元。
What's become of her?她后来怎样了？
This sort of behavior hardly becomes a person in your position.这种行为与你所处的地位简直不相符。Jane rembles her mother.[V]简长得像她母亲。Her mother is rembled by Jane.[×]
Sam lacks courage and intelligence.[v]萨姆缺乏能力和智慧。
唐代诗人Courage and intelligence are lacked by Sam.[×]It feels like a potato.[v]它摸起来像个土豆。A potato is felt like.[×]
The hou belongs to a rich man.[√]这房子是属于一个富人的。
A rich man is belonged to the hou.[×]
【提示】
①当have作“吃，接收，经历，度过”解时，虽用作行为动词，但一般不用于被动语态。例如：She has had lunch.[√]她吃过午饭了。
Lunch has been had by her.[×]
②当have作“得到，获得、欺骗、享受”解.或同某些介词、副词结合构成及物性短语动词时，可用于被动语态。例如：
She has been had in the dealing/over the bargain.她在那项交易/买卖中受骗了。
The ticket can be had for the asking.票索要即得。
The young man was had up by the boss.那个年轻人被老板叫走了。(=was summoned)
A good time was had by them all.他们都玩得很快活。(had=enjoyed)
