Moudle 1 Small Talk
一、重点单词与短语
1．advance adj. 预先的；事先的
n.&v. 前进；进展；预付
课文原句：It helps if you do a little advance planning.
e.g.Let the world know more about China, let China advance towards the world.
They are going to start an advanced cour in English in that institute.
I should warn you in advance that the date maybe delayed.
归纳拓展：
advance on/towards sb./sth. （为了……）前进；行进
in advance (of sth.) （时间上）提前；预先（=ahead of time）
make an advance in sth. 某方面有进步
advance planning/warning 预先的计划/警告
advanced adj. 高级的，先进的；年老的；发达的
advanced English/maths 高阶英语/高等数学
2．certain adj. 保险分红有把握的，确定的，肯定的（不作定语）；某个，某些（作定语）风景的句子唯美短句
课文原句：Here in England, there are certain questions that you shouldn’t really
e.g.I think there’s a bus at 8 but you’d better call to make certain.
I’m not certain whether there’s a bus rvice on Sundays.
For certain reasons I’ll be unable to attend the meeting.
归纳拓展：
a certain Mr. Zhang 中小学教师工资标准表某一位姓张的先生
certain books 某些书
under certain conditions 在一定条件下
be certain of 对……有把握
make certain 弄清楚
be certain to do sth. 一定会做某事
for certain 肯定地
It is ……是肯定的
to a certain degree/extent 在某种程度上
3．avoid vt. 避免
课文原句：Have you ever crosd the road to avoid talking to someone you recognize？
avoid是及物动词，后跟名词、代词或动词-ing。
e.g.You should avoid such a person.
The driver braked his car suddenly to avoid a terrible accident.
Why did you try to avoid replying？
Children should avoid eating unhealthy food.
4．lack 缺乏
课文原句：Do you want to make more friends but lack the confidence to talk to people you don’t know？
（1）v. 缺乏，没有（not have; to be without）
e.g.We lacked food.（vt. lack sth.）
He completely lacks conscience. （vt. lack sth .）
Their courage is lacking. （vi. be lacking 欠缺，缺）
He is not lacking in intelligence. [be lacking in缺乏（某种品质、特点等）]
（2）n. 无需要（abnce），常与of连用。
e.g.The plants died through/for lack of water.
That was another example of their lack of experience.
5．damage 损害，损坏
课文原句：That way, you don’t damage your confidence!
damage可用做动词和名词，此处damage用作动词。
（1）亚洲伦理小说vt. 损害，损坏；使受损失
e.g.The earthquake damaged veral buildings.
（2）n. 损坏，损害 [U]
damage用作名词意指损伤或降低物的价值，一般是指部分性的损坏。
e.g.The accident did very little damage to either car.
How much must I pay for the damage？
注意：damage的复数形式意为“赔偿费/金”。
e.g.The court awarded ￡500 in damages to the injured.
辨析：damage, destroy与ruin
damage, destroy与ruin都含“破坏、毁坏”的意思。
（1）damage指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏等, 不一定全部破坏, 损坏了还可以修复”。
e.g.The heavy rain damaged many hous.
（2）destroy指“彻底毁坏以至不能或很难修复”。
e.g.That town was destroyed in a big fire.
（3）ruin现在多用于借喻中, 泛指一般的“弄坏了”。
e.g.He knocked over a bottle of ink and ruined the table cloth.
6．impress v. 铭刻，使感动，给……极深的印象
课文原句：Always remember－you won’t impress people if you talk too much.
impress常见搭配：
（1）impress sb. with sth.
e.g.This country impresd me with the high speed of development.
（2）impress on sb. sth.
乌云顶e.g.My father impresd on me the value of hard work.
（3）What impresd me most is…
e.g.What impresd me most is his honesty.
（4）成长道路make an impression on sb.
e.g.His honesty made a deep impression on me.
（5）the impression of 对……的印象
e.g.What’s your impression of Shanghai？
（6）have the impression that（同位语从句）意为“有……的印象”
e.g.I have the impression that he doesn’t smoke.
词性变化：impression n.
7．prepare v.
恋父情结
课文原句：
（1）Small talk is very important and prepare you for more rious conversations.
（2）Be prepared! Have some low-risk conversation openers ready!
prepare是个常用动词，也是一个多义词。它既可以作及物动词用，也可作不及物动词用。现将它的主要用法归纳如下：
（1）prepare作“准备；预备；筹备；制作；配制”解时，可用于以下场合：
①prepare + n./pron. 准备……；配药
e.g.He has prepared his lessons.
After arriving home, she began to make a fire and prepare supper.
The chemist is preparing a medicine.
Corn is a very uful plant which can be prepared in many different ways.
②prepare sb. sth./prepare sth. for sb. 为某人准备……
e.g.Mother is preparing us a meal.
= Mother is preparing a meal for us.
The cretary has prepared the president a long report.
= The cretary has prepared a long report for the president.
③prepare + to do sth. 准备做……
e.g.They are busy preparing to go on vacation.
After the discussion they prepared to write an article to air their views.
④prepare + for(或against) 为……做准备
e.g.The students are busy preparing for the mid-term examination.
The peasants are preparing against the drought.
