主谓一致
英语中主语和谓语在人称和数上的一致关系一般遵循三条原则:形态一致原则、意义一致原则和毗邻一致原则。
一、形态一致:眼神迷离
主语和谓语的一致根据主语外部语法形态来决定:
The teacher is here and the students are there.
1、要正确地判断出主语:In front of the girl are some flowers.
2、each和something等不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数,常见的有:each,one,either,neither,little,a little,much;以及由some(或any,no,every)后加thing(或body,one)构成的复合不定代词(包括no one,不含none):
Someone is looking for you. Each has his merits.
▲each作同位语时,用复数形式的谓语:We each have a dictionary.
3、主语后接with,together,with,as well as,rather than,but,like等短语作定语时,谓语形式不受定语影响:
The teacher together with his students is going there on foot.
4、many a (许多)和more than (不止一个)等作定语修饰作主语的单数可数名词时,谓语动词用单数:Many a way has been tried.
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老公家庭暴力怎么治他>一个人图片5、pair of 等表示数量的名词短语修饰主语时,谓语的形式要与pair等名词的形式一致,常见的有:pair of,kind of,type of,form of,glass of,box of等:
There is a pair of shoes left.
▲但plenty of,a lot of,lots of和a number of等修饰语不属于这一类,谓语动词的形式要与它们所修饰的主语取得一致。
后一般接不可数名词的有:a great deal of,a bit of,a little,an amount of(接谓单),amounts of(接谓复)爱因斯坦的故事 …
6、trours等复数形式的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数;换成代词时,也要用复数形式,常见的有:glass,spectacles,scissors,goods等。
二、意义一致:
谓语动词的形式取决于主语所表达的内在涵义:Some are boys. Some is red ink.
7、从句或短语(包括不定式和动名词)作主语时,往往表达一种抽象概念,谓语动词用单数:Driving cars is easy.
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▲但what引导的主语从句有时用复数动词,这时其涵义常可从表语中看出。
8、maths等单数概念,复数形式的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。常见的有:抽象名词(news),学科名词(maths,physics;间或也用复数动词),专有名词(James,the United States,The Arabian Nights天方夜谭),游戏、运动名(billiards台球)等:The United States was founded in 1776.
9、表示“总量”或“总和”的时间、距离、金钱、重量、容量等的复数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数:Twenty years is a long time.
▲如强调具体的数量,则要用复数动词:
Twenty years have pasd since his father died.
10、both等表示复数概念的不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用复数,常见的有:both,few,a few,many,veral等:Both are correct.
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11、people等表示“总称”的名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数,常见的有:people,police,cattle,militia民兵,poultry等,还有folk,但也有用folks(尤在美语中)The police are running after a thief.
▲people作“民族”讲时,用复数peoples.
12、some等不定代词、two thirds等分数词及rest等名词作主语时,根据具体涵义,谓语动词可以用单数,也可以用复数,常见的有:some,any,none,all,most,more,the rest,(a)part,half等:
All were silent.大家一言不发。All was silent. 万籁俱寂。
13、family等集体名词作主语时,强调整体时用单数动词,强调成员时用复数动词。
14、“the + 形容词”作主语,表示“一类人”(the rich富人)时用复数动词,表示“一种抽象概念或品质”(the beautiful美的)时用单数动词:
The beautiful is not always the uful.
15、sheep,means等单复数同形的名词作主语时,根据具体情况,谓语动词选用单数或复数。
16、定语从句中的关系代词作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词取得一致。彩线
17、用and连接两个或两个以上的词、短语或句子作主语时,一般用复数动词。
▲当表示单一概念时,要用单数动词:The cretary and manager was prent at the meeting.书记兼经理出席了会议。
▲两个单数名词前有every,no,many a等词修饰时,要用单数动词:
No teacher and no student is going.
三、毗邻一致:
谓语的形式取决于主语中邻近的部分:There is a pen and two pencils on the desk.
18、毗邻一致现象一般出现在there be句型中,以及由neither…nor , either…or ,
not only…but also,或or连接并列主语的句子中。