Lesson 5 Agronomic Management Practices
Affecting Tobacco Quality
New Words & Expressions
Buyout n. a situation in which a person or group gains control of a company by buying all of its shares 全部买下、买断
Post-buyout 买断后
MH maleic hydrazide 顺丁烯二酸酰肼，马来酰肼
Alkaloids n. any of numerous organic bas (as morphine) containing nitrogen and usually oxygen that occur especially in ed plants 生物碱
红绫Top v. to remove or cut the top of 给……打顶
Sucker n. a shoot from the lower part of the stem of a plant 腋芽
美国的英语怎么说>美国竹柳
Stalk梦见好多小狗 n. a long narrow part of a plant supporting one or more leaves,flowers or fruits 柄、梗
Nicotine n. a poisonous alkaloid （C10H14N2） that is the chief active material of tobacco and is ud as an incticide 尼古丁
Cure v. to prerve by drying it 晒、烘烤
Mature a. fully grown and developed 成熟的
Hornworm n. a kind of incts 天蛾幼虫
Mo(u)ld n. a superficial growth produced especially on damp or decaying organic matter or on living organisms 霉菌
Blue mo(u)ld 青霉病
Lay-by n. the final operation in the growing of a field crop 最后的田间作业
手机数据备份
Variegated v. marked in different colored spots,lines,areas etc 杂色的、斑驳的
Sidedress v. to apply nutrients on one side of the plant roots 侧施肥
Nondescript a. belonging to no particular class or kind 无归类的; not easily described 难以形容的
百依百顺的意思
Suckercide n. chemical product that prevents sucker from growing 腋芽抑制剂
Contacts n. chemicals that kill incts by contacting them directly触杀剂
Systemics n. a pesticide that as ud is harmless to the plant, but when absorbed into its sap makes the entire organism toxic to pests 内吸剂
Versus prep. Against; in contrast to 对、和……相比
Priming n. picking up 采收，采摘
Burley n. a thin-bodied air-cured tobacco grown mainly in Kentucky白肋烟
Text
In 2005, tobacco will be produced and marketed without price support for the first time since 1939. Price schedules will reflect an emphasis on quality, with deep discounts for unripe and immature grades. In the post-buyout environment, profitability will be directly related to the marketing of quality tobacco produced at the lowest cost. A number of management practices affect tobacco quality. Some of the most important are as follows:
在2005年，烟草将自1939年以来第一次在没有价格支持下生产和销售。价格表将反映对烟叶质量的重视，未熟等级将大幅降价。在后烟草配额买断的环境下，利润将直接与以最低成本生产的优质烟草的销售相关。
很多农艺措施影响烟草的质量，最重要的一些措施有：
• Nitrogen rate and time of application
• Topping and sucker control with minimal MH residues
• Harvest rate and ripeness
• Leaf paration by stalk position
●氮肥的施用量和施用时间
●打顶和最少马来酰肼残留的腋芽控制
●采收速率和成熟度
●叶片分部位采收
Nitrogen Rate and Time of Application
Nitrogen is the most important nutrient affecting tobacco yield and quality. As nitrogen rate increas, the following occur:
• Yield increas to a point then decreas.
• Leaf size increas, but leaf thickness decreas.
• Total alkaloids, including nicotine, increa and sugars decrea in the cured leaf.
• Maturity and ripening are delayed. • Cured leaf darkens.
• Sucker growth increas and sucker control decreas.
• Leaf drop and leaf break increa. • Blue mold is more vere.
• Hornworm and aphid populations increa.
氮肥的施用量和施用时间
氮素是影响烟草产量和质量的最重要的营养元素。随着氮用量的增加，将会出现以下情况：
●产量增加到一定值，然后下降。 ●叶面积增大，但叶厚度减小。
●在调制后叶片中，总生物碱、烟碱增加，糖减少。
●成熟延迟。 ●调制后叶片变黑。 ●腋芽数增加，腋芽控制效果降低。
●残伤增加。辱母案 ●霜霉病更加严重。 ●天蛾幼虫和蚜虫的虫口增加。
Many growers spend considerable time choosing among sidedresrs such as calcium ni三国杀壁纸
trate, sodium nitrate, 30 percent UAN liquid, and 24S UAN liquid. However, the data indicate that in the southeastern United States the rate and time of application are more important than the sidedresr. Unless leaching occurs, nitrogen should not be applied after lay-by. Late ason application delays ripening and results in variegated-unripe grades.
许多种植者花费了相当多的时间选择侧施肥料，比如硝酸钙、硝酸钠、30％的UAN(尿素硝铵)液体肥料和24S的UAN液体肥料。然而，数据表明：在美国东南部，氮肥的施用量和施用时间比侧施肥料更重要。除非发生淋洗，氮肥不应在烟草侧施肥后施用。后期施用延迟烟叶成熟，导致杂色-未熟等级的产生。
