1. The Historical Context
1). In a more remote period of Greek history, probably around 1200B.C. , a war was fought between Greece（希腊）and Troy(特洛伊）
2). Greek culture reached a high point of development in the 5thcentury B.C.
What marked the high point of development in Greek culture in the 5th century B.C.?
1). The high point of development in Greek culture was marked by (a) the successful repul of the Persian invasion early in the 5thcentury B.C., (b) the establishment of democracy and (c) the flourishing of science, philosophy, literature, art and historical writing in Athens（雅典）.
2). the 5th century B.C. clod with civil war between Athens and Sparta（斯巴达） in Greece.
3). in the cond half of the 4th century B.C., all Greece was brought under the rule of Alex
ander, King of Macedon（马其顿王国）.
4). in 146 B.C. the Romans conquered the Greece.
2. Social and Political Structure
What were the main features of ancient Greek society?
1). Athens was a democracy, where only the adult male citizens had the rights.
2). The economy of Athens rested on an immen amount of slave labor.
3). The Greeks loved sports. Once every four years, they had a big festival on Olympus Mount which included contests of sports.
4). Revid in 1896, the Games have become the world’s foremost amateur sports competition.
3. Homer (about 700 B. C.)（荷马）
What did Homer do?（荷马史诗名词解释？）
1). Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics: the Iliad 《伊利亚特》and the Odysy《奥德赛》.
2). Homer probably lived around 700 B.C.
3). The Iliad and the Odysy are not about events of Homer’s own time, but about great men and wars about a remoter age, probably in the period of 1200—1100 B.C.
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Drama
1). Early in their remote past, the Greeks started to perform plays at religious festivals.
2). Out of the religions a powerful drama developed in the 5th century B.C.
3). Performances were given in open-air theatres, with the audience sitting on stone benches and looking down at the stage from three sides.
Outstanding dramatists
美丽的秋天图片
石灰的作用和功效1). The outstanding dramatists of ancient Greece were 新大陆团购网Aeschylus（埃斯库罗斯）, Sophocles（索福克勒斯）, Euripides（欧里庇得斯） and Aristophanes（阿里斯托芬）.近视眼的治疗
A. Aeschylus (525—456B.C.)
a. Aeschylus is noted for his vivid character portrayal and majestic poetry.
b. Aeschylus wrote plays such as Prometheus Bound《被缚的普罗米修斯》, Persians《波斯人》 and Agamemnon《阿伽门农》.
B. Sophocles (496—406B.C.)
a. Sophocles was the author of plays like Oedipus the King《奥狄普斯王》, Electra《伊莱克特拉》 and Antigone《安提戈涅》.
b. Oedipus the King is the story of a man who unknowingly committed a terrible sin by killing his father and marrying his mother.
c. The Austrian psychiatrist Sigmund Freud’s term “the Oedipus complex”（奥狄普斯情结）
was also derived from Sophocles’s play.
C. Euripides(484—406B.C.)
a. Euripides wrote mainly about women in such plays as Andromache Medea and Trojan Women. Less heroic more like ordinary people
b. Euripides may be called the first writer of “problem plays”.
c. 19th century, Elizabath called him Euripides the human
D. Comedy
Aristophanes(about 450—380B.C.)
1). Aristophanes wrote such plays as Frogs《蛙》, Clouds《云》, Wasps《黄蜂》 and Birds《鸟》.
Philosophers
A. Socrates (about 470—399 B.C.)苏格拉底姜
a. We known Socrates chiefly through what Plato recorded of him in his famous Dialogues.
b. The method of argument Socrates ud in exposing fallacies has come to be known as the dialectical method（ie the method of argument, by questions and answers.).
c. In 399BC, at the age of venty Socrates was put on trial on a charge of “injuring the city” by not acknowledging its gods and corrupting the young. This trial was recorded by Plato in the dialogue “The Apology of Socrates”.
B. Plato (about 428—348 B. C.)柏拉图
a. Plato’s 局域网通讯Dialogues《对话录》 are important not only as philosophical writing but also as imaginative literature.
b. Of the Dialogues Plato wrote, 27 have survived, including the Apology《申辩》,Symposium劳动委员《会饮篇》或译为《飨宴篇》, and the Republic《理想国》.
c. Plato’s Apology was about Socrates’ defen of himlf at the trial.
d. Plato’s Symposium dealt with beauty and love.
e. Plato’s Republic was about the idea state ruled by a philosopher but barring poets.
f. Plato’s comprehensive system of philosophy dealt with, among other things, the problem of how, in the complex, ever-changing world, men were to obtain knowledge.
