Lecture 4 The English Renaissance
1. The New Monarchy
1 cau: The War of the Ros between the Hou of Lancaster and the Hou of York
2 result: The King of England now assumed greater power than before.
3 ending: Henry founded the Tudor dynasty, a totally new type, which met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie.
2. The Reformation
1 reason: The international regime of the Roman Catholic Church had long been burdensome to the King of England in establishing an absolute monarchy.
2 cau: In England, it was started by Henry. He declared the break with
Rome.
3 esnce: The Protestant Reformation was in esnce a political movement
in a religious gui, a part of the long struggle of the bourgeois class for
power.
4 小炒黄瓜process:
● the Reformation was followed cloly by the Counter-Reformation during the reign of Queen Mary(1553-1558).
● the whoe island was convuld with the Reformation and Counter-Reformation for half a century.
● The bloody religious percution came to a stop after the church ttlement of Queen Elizabeth (1558-1603)
3. The English Bible
Before the reformation, the Latin Bible was universally ud by the Catholic churches. The English translation of the Bible emerged as a result of the struggle between Protestantism and Catholicism.
阴唇大什么原因>底线议论文
1 translation:
● The first complete English Bible was translated by John Wycliffe and his followers.
● William Tyndale worked on another English version as an aid to the cau of religious reform.
● Authorized Version was made in 1611 under the auspices of James and so was sometimes called the King James Bible.
红糖功效2 significance:
Apart from its religious influence, the Authorized Version has had a great influence on English langue and literature. The English Bible has woven its phras and expressions i
nto the texture of the English language, English literature and English life. It becomes a monument of English language and English literature.
4. 形容才华的成语The Enclosure Movement
The political and religious turmoils of the age were but the reflction of the changes in the national economy of England which developed at a slow but steady pace.
● England was a rural country with a lot of wool for export.
● But from the 15th century onward England pasd definitely from being a mere producer of wool to being a manufacture of cloth.
● The lage-scale manufacture of cloth necessarily put the clothing industry on a capitalist line. It stimulated the greed of the moneyed class to ize more land out of the hands of peasants in order to turn the land into pasture. So the Enclosure Movement was carried on heartlessly in England.
● The helpless, dispossd peasants, being compelled to work at a low wage, became hired labourers for the merchants. The laborers were the fathers of modern English proletarians.
5. The Commercial Expansion
The progress in industry at home stimulated the commercial expansion abroad.
● Queen Elizabeth
● Francis Drake, John Hawkins
They were both traders and pirates, ploughed the as and visited America and other distant countries, bringing back with them great fortunes that enriched and strengthened the Crown. They were tho who established the first English colonies.
6. The War with Spain
In the commercial expansion, Spain was the rival with England over the a. The struggl
e between England and Spain occupied the last third of the 16th century.
● At last a war broke out in 1588.
● 临危受命的意思The war ended with the rout of the Spanish fleet.
● Except being a victory of England over Spain, it was also the triumph of the rising bourgoisie over the declining old feudalism.
7. The Renaissance and Humanism
The Renaissance
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The ri of the bourgeoisie soon showed its influence in the sphere of cultural life. The result is an intellectual movement known as Renaissance. It sprang first in Italy in the 14大腿后侧肌肉th century and gradually spread all over Europe.
1 features of the Renaissance:
● a thirsty curiosity for the classical literature. There aro a current for the study of Greek and Latin authors. They caught somenthing in spirit very different from the medieval Catholic dogma.
● the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Thinkers, artists and poets aro to the new feeling of admiration for human beauty and human achievement.
Humanism
Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance. According to the humanists,both mand and world are hindered only by external checks from infinite improvement. Man could mould the world according to his desires, and attain happiness by removing all external checks by the exerci of reason.
