考研英专⽣英国政治真题总结含答案
英国政治考研真题与典型题详解
项目融资I.Multiple Choice公历的由来
1.Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of British government?(北⼆外2008 研) A
A.It offers the Queen high political status and supreme power.真正拥有权利的是下议院,⼥王政治地位⾼，但⾸相权利最⼤。
B.It is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy.议会民主制，君主⽴宪制
C.It has no written form of Constitution. 没有成⽂宪法
D.It is the oldest reprentative democracy典型的民主制in the world.
2.Which of the following kings believed the "Divine Right” to govern, and was condemned to被判死刑death during the English Civil War?(⾸都师范⼤学2009研；北京交⼤2005研) B
A.James I 伊丽莎⽩⼀世给予王位
默默无蚊
B.Charles I 1649年
C.King John
D.James II
3.Which of the following succeeded to the throne继承王位when James I died in 1625?（⾸都师范⼤学2009 研）A
A.Charles I
B.James II
C.Richard I
D.William III
4.The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland英国全称is reigned抽象统治，有名⽆实over by , but ruled真正的统治，独裁专政by B .（中⼭⼤学2009研）
孕妇营养
A,the government/the Monarch
B.the Monarch/the government
C the parliament/Constitutional monarch
D. the Cabinet/Queen Elizabeth
5.The executive power is in the hands of C.（北京交⼤2006 研）
A. Parliament
B. The Hou of Commons金桔盆栽
C. The cabinet headed by the Prime Minister D .The Queen
6.Which of the following is not correct?（北京交⼤2007 研）D
A.The Queen holds meetings of the Privy Council. 枢密院会议
B.The Queen receives reports of Cabinet meetings in her weekly ssions with the
Prime Minister
C.The Queen must take sides站队，做出选择when a dispute aris in the Cabinet
D.The Queen is informed of, and consulted on everyaspect of national life*以下哪个不正确？绝对的词错！
7.The real power of the Hou of Lords上议院lies in C .（北京交⼤2007 研；对外经贸2003 研）下议院通过财政法案，上议院必须通过
红烧肉的家常做法下议院交其他法案，上议院可搁置⼀年
A.helping to pass Money Bills
B.delaying bills AB为下议院权利
C.discussing bills
D.being Supreme Court最⾼法院，司法权
8.Most of the practical work具体事物
⾸相啥的指挥，分⼯of the government is done by C .
A.the Prime Minister
B.the Cabinet ministers
C.the civil rvants
D.the heads of departments
II. Fill in the blanks.
1.In Britain, the Queen, who principal role is symbolic, is also involved in the day-to-day workings of government.Among other things, she holds meetings of the Privy Council-her personal advisory council, 私⼈顾问机关,⼥王在⽩⾦汉宫接见⾸相and in her weekly ssions with the Prime Minister, she receives reports of Cabinet meetings. （⼈⼤2004 研）
2. The Bill pasd by the Parliament in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution in Britain is known as the English Bill of Rights权利法案的出现，标志英国君主⽴宪制出现，光荣⾰命：不流⾎⾰命which marked not only a sharp decline in powers of the Monarch, but also the beginning of the British Constitutional Monarchy.（⼈⼤2006 研）
3.When Queen Anne died without any heirs继承⼈,the English throne was offered to her nearest最亲近的German relative, George of Hanover, who thus became George I of Hanover .（⼈⼤2007 研）
4.In the English Civil War, the "Roundhead'，supported Cromwell while the “cavalier" supported Charles I .（⾸都师范⼤学2008 研）
5.Parliament in Britain, strictly speaking, consists of three elements: The Queen，The Hou of Lords, The Hou of Commons.（北京交⼤2004, 2005 研）
6.1688—1689, supported by the Parliament, King William III a Dutch prince, and his British wife Queen Mary II overthrew James II without bloodshed and became the joint rules of England. This coup政变d'Wtat was called the Glorious Revolution. William and Mary then signed t he Bill of Rights, which verely limited the king or queen's power, and since then began,the Constitutional Monarchy（华中科技⼤学2007研）
7.The Hou of Commons is the source of real political power in the United Kingdom.
8.A large part of the civil law民法is made up of a mass of precedents and previous court decisions interpreted in authoritative legal textbooks.
9.Life peers should be nominated by The Prime Minister , and appointed by the sovereign君主. III. True or Fal
T 1.The Magna Carta is called the cornerstone of modem English constitutional monarchy in that it put limits on autocratic专制的behavior of the Kings.（对外经贸2003 研）
T 2.From 1649 to 1660英国内战，查理⼀世被推上断头台克伦威尔执政清教English was officially a Puritan republic, but political liberty vanished in the name of religious conformity.（对外经贸2003 研
IV. Explain the items.
1.the Great Council （1265）（北外2006 研）1215⼤宪章，1265早期议会，谁主持召开，以往议会贵族参加，这次两民参加，上议院下议院权利
The Great Council has been regarded as the earliest British Parliament. In 1265, Simon de Montfort restructured the Great
Council, to which each county was required to nd two knights and each town to nd two reprentatives. Later, the Great Council developed into the Hou of Lords and the Hou of Commons. Its main function was to provide advice. There were no elections or parties. The Lords wa
s the most important element in the Great Council,
2.Magna Carta （北京交⼤2006研；华中科技⼤学2007研；四川⼤学2007研）
别名，哪⼀年1215 谁与谁签署意义，
Also called Great Charter, the Magna Carter was a document signed in 1215 by King John under compulsion by the powerful barons. The Charter aimed to make King John recognize the rights of the barons. The Charter was the beginning for Britain to establish constitutional politics. It was the first document to restrict the power of a feudal lord in Britain's history. The Magna Carta has played a fundamental role in the Constitution as well as in constitutional monarchy. Magna Carter is now in the British Muum.
3.Constitutional Monarchy 政府系统，国王统⽽不治（⼈⼤2001 研）
易经解读Constitutional Monarchy is a governmental system in which the head of State is a king or a queen who reigns but does not rule. The country is namely reined by the Sovereign, but virtually by His or Her Majesty's Government—a body of Ministers who are the leading members of whichever political parties the electorate has voted into office, and who are responsible to parliament. The role of the monarchy is primarily to symbolize the tradition and unity of the British state,
4.The Bill of Rights of 1689谁提出，谁接受时间⽬的（北⼆外2010 研；四川⼤学2009 研）.Bill of Rights was advocated by Parliament and accepted by William of Orange during the Glorious Revolution in 1688. After the Glorious Revolution in 1688, William and Mary were crowned jointly in Westminster Abbey as they had accepted the Bill of Rights of 1689. It approximates a written constitution, for it states the esntial principles of parliamentary supremacy: control of money, dispensation power, and frequent, regular meeting of Parliament. The bill prevented any Roman Catholic from the succession, confirmed parliamentary supremacy and guaranteed free speech within both the two hous. It marked the beginning of British constitutional monarchy.
5.Oliver Cromwell英国内战时期，领导新模范军与国王战争，最终胜利，英国成为共和国，他成为护国公
Oliver Cromwell was an important figure during the English Civil War, He led his New Model Army to fight against the King, and largely due to his contribution, the Parliament won the war and claimed England a Commonwealth. From 1649 to 1651 he subdued Ireland and Scotland and brought them into the Commonwealth, In 1653 he dissolved the Rump, and t himlf up as Lord
Protector, starting England's only period of dictatorship. After a Royalist uprising in 1655, Cromwell di
vided England into 11 military districts commanded by major generals, which turned people against Cromwell and taught them to hate Puritans and standing armies. When he died in 1658, his son Richard succeeded him.
V. Answer the questions.
1.What is the “Glorious Revolution? Explain its significance.（北外2006 研；北⼆外2006 研）
The "Glorious Revolution^ referred to the event of 1688 in the English Revolution, when the Catholic King of England James II was forced by the Parliament to flee with his baby son to France. His Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange were crowned jointly in Westminster Abbey as they had accepted the Bill of Rights pasd by the Parliament, This bill aimed to limit the power of the monarchy and to guarantee the parliamentary supremacy. The revolution has played a significant role in the British history. First, the political and religious problems in Britain were solved quite smoothly without any bloodshed. Second, it marked the transition from feudalism toward capitalism. Third, it was the beginning of the Constitutional Monarchy in the UK. Fourth, it was regarded as the end of the English Bourgeois Revolution of the venteenth century.
What are some of the characteristics of the British Constitution? Plea u examples to illustrate yo
ur point.（四川⼤学2010研）
.(1) British constitution is an unwritten constitution, that is to say, the constitution is not written down in a single document, doesn't have a more strict establishing and amending process than any common law. In fact, much of the constitution is not written at all, but has developed over the centuries and has become accepted by "convention", i.e. the normal and accepted way of doing political business. The British Constitution compris multiple documents. (2) British Constitution is flexible, which means that the democratically elected Hou of Commons can alter the laws with a majority vote. The constitution continually evolves as new laws are pasd and judicial decisions are handed down. All laws pasd by Parliament are regarded as constitutional, and changes or amendments to the constitution occur whenever new legislation overrides existing law. Why and how did the English Parliament come into being?（北外2004 研）
The English Parliament^ the supreme legislative authority in the UK, came into being in the 13th century. As many of Henry Ill's measures resulted in contradictions between him and the barons, the barons forced him and his son Prince Edward to swear to accept the Provisions of Oxford. However, the King did not agree on their request. As a result, a civil war burst out between the King's supporters and the baronial army. After the war, while the King and his son were still kept in prison, S
imon de Montfort summoned in 1265 the Grand Council at Westminster^ together with two
灰兔knights from each county and two reprentatives from each town. The meeting has been regarded as the earliest parliament. In ancient Saxon times kings had only an advisory body that consisted only of great men and could be dissolved easily. Now each county was required to nd two knights and each town to nd two reprentatives to the Grand Council. Later, the Grand Council developed into the Lords and the Commons known as Parliament.
What are the primary sources of British law and their common features? （北外2005 研）.The primary sources of British law are as follows: statutes, equity law, European Community law and a large number of "unwritten" or common laws. (1) Statutes are the laws pasd by the Parliament. (2) Equity law is a form of dispute resolution in which an aggrieved party asks his adversary for something other than money. (3) European Community law, also called European Union law, is a body of laws, treaties and court judgments that operate alongside the legal systems of EU' s member countries. (4) The common laws are worked out through common practice in the courts. Their common features are that there is no complete code and that there is a distinction made between civil law and criminal law.
