韩非耕战思想研究
摘要
思想是思想家智慧的结晶，更是一种“上层建筑”，是以一定的经济基础为依托，是一定时期的阶级利益和思想观念的体系。本文旨在检讨学术界过去在韩非思想研究中，将“纯理”和“应用”混为一谈的研究方法，试图重新寻找韩非耕战思想在韩国不被重用的原因，围绕政治正当性、国家实力及变法基础建构韩非耕战思想政治遭遇的理论框架，分析韩非耕战思想“发源于韩国”却“用于秦国”的历史事实，以期为重新审视韩非耕战思想乃至整个中国传统政治思想提供新的视角和途径，同时也为现代政治建设过程中遇到困境提供一种独具中国传统政治智慧及历史眼光的借鉴与反思。
本文分为四个部分：第一部分主要回顾了学术界先贤对韩非思想研究的情况，并以“纯理”与“应用”的二分法，就耕战思想与政治思想的“体用之别”作出厘清，寻找到以往韩非思想研究中对韩国政治实践的忽视，进而凸显出韩非耕战思想再研究的必要性。第二部分介绍了韩非在韩国的政治实践中，继承和总结前期法家诸子的耕战思想，并对其他学派治国的思想采取批判吸收的方式，形成以强化君主权力为特征，以发展国家实力为目的，法术势为手段，以驱使民众和驾驭臣子为策略的耕战思想，重新认识韩非耕战思想的内容，为后文的展开奠定基础。第三部分沿着韩非耕战思想没有在韩启用，反而成为秦帝国的指导思想展开，探讨韩非耕战思想在政治正当性上与韩、秦正当性认知上的异同，体现在韩非“尊君为led和lcd
君”的观念，违背韩国以“周室少卑”为由，宣扬“诸姬可代之”，追求“德”的正当性诉求，而满足了秦国以“伐蛮夏”的求“实力”的正当性诉求；探讨国家实力对耕战思想执行的影响；探讨申不害改革、商鞅变法与韩非耕
战思想在政治思想、政治价值及政治策略上的异同，指出韩、秦两国不同选择的可能性。第四部分韩非耕战思想的历史超越性包括：韩非对劳动及劳动产出配置的独特认识，即“君主独得”，以及韩非对“立天子以为天下”的大一统思想。韩非耕战思想的历史借鉴和现代价值，对于个人而言，思想家本人的政治遭遇对于思想的影响可谓深远；对于当代政治而言，现代民主、法治已经相当成熟，照搬韩非的做法是不合理的，但是韩非及诸法家在践行的过程中，遇到的正当性冲突和执行阻滞与现代中国的社会现实有几分相似之处，从这个意义上说，研究中国传统政治思想以求反哺当今的现代化治理，具有一定的现实价值。
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关键词：韩非；耕战思想；正当性；国家实力；政治遭遇
THE STUDY OF HAN FEI’S FARMING&WAR
IDEOLOGY
ABSTRACT
Ideology is the crystallization of thinkers'wisdom,and it is also a kind of"superstructure".It is bad on a certain economic foundation and is a system of class interests and ideas in a certain period.This article aims to review the rearch methods ud by academic circles in Han Fei’s ideology to confu“Theory”and“Application”in an attempt to re-examine the reasons why Han Fei’s Farming&War ideology is not reud in Han Kingdom,focusing on political legitimacy,national strength,and The foundation of the reform is to construct the theoretical framework of Han Fei’s Farming&War ideology and political encounters, and to analyze the historical facts of Han Fei’s Farming&War ideology that originated in Han Kingdom but ud in the Qin Kingdom,with a view to providing a new perspective and review of Han Fei’s Farming&War ideology and even traditional Chine political thought. The approach also provides a unique reference and reflection on traditional Chine political wisdom and historical perspective for the difficulties encountered in the construction of modern politics.
This article is divided into four parts:The first part mainly reviews the academic sages'rearch on Han Fei's thoughts,and us the dichotomy of"Theory"and“Application"to discuss the difference between Farming&War ideology and political thinking Make a clarification,look for the neglect of Han Kingdom political practice in the previous Han Fei thought rearch,and then highlight the necessity
of Han Fei's Farming&War ideology rearch.The cond part introduces Han Fei’s political practice in Han Kingdom,inheriting and summarizing the cultivation and warfare thoughts of the former legalists,and adopting a critical approach to the ideas of governing the country by other schools, forming the feature of strengthening monarch power and developing
National strength is the goal,Law&Control&Fame is the means,the strategy of driving the people and driving courtiers is the strategy of cultivating and fighting,and re-understand the content of Han Fei’s Farming&War ideology and lay the foundation for the later development.The third part is bad on Han Fei’s Farming&War ideology,which has not been activated in Han Kingdom,but has become the guiding ideology of the Qin Kingdom.It explores the similarities and differences between Han Fei’s Farming&War ideology in political legitimacy and Han and Qin's legal cognition.The concept of"for the king"violates Han Kingdom's"Zhou Kingdom has fallen"grounds, preaching that"the princes can be replaced",and pursuing the legality appeal of"morality",which satisfies Qin's demand of"Kill the barbarian"and"Pursuit of profit"legitimacy;explore the influence of national strength on the implementation of farming and warfare thoughts; explore the similarities and differences in political ideology,political values,and political strategies between the reform of Shenbuhai and Shang Yang,and Han Fei’s Farming&War ideology,and point out that the two countries are different The pos
sibility of choice.The fourth part of the historical transcendence of Han Fei’s Farming&War ideology of warfare includes Han Fei's unique understanding of labor and the allocation of labor output,that is,"monarch alone",and Han Fei's unified thinking of"making the heavens think the world".The historical reference and modern value of Han Fei’s Farming&War ideology.For an individual,the political experience of the thinker himlf has a profound impact on the mind.For contemporary politics,modern democracy and the rule of law are quite mature.It is not reasonable to copy Han Fei's approach.However,during the practice of Han Fei and various legalists, the conflicts of legitimacy and execution obstacles they encountered are somewhat similar to the social reality of modern China.In this n,the study of traditional Chine political thought is bad on Seeking feedback on today's modern governance has certain practical value. KEYWORDS:HAN FEI;FARMING&WAR IDEOLOGY;LEGITIMACY; NATIONAL STRENGTH;POLITICAL ENCOUNTER
目录
韩非耕战思想研究..............................................................................III 绪论.. (1)
第一节选题缘起及意义 (1)
一、缘起 (1)
二、意义 (2)
三、研究重点与难点 (2)
爱情塔罗牌第二节研究综述 (3)
一、韩非耕战思想研究的总体情况 (3)
二、韩非耕战思想研究的几种不同学术观点 (4)
去新加坡留学第三节关键概念厘清 (8)
一、韩非耕战思想与韩非政治思想的再认识 (8)
二、关于《韩非子》的真伪 (10)
艾格莱雅第四节思路方法和创新之处 (11)
一、思路方法 (11)
二、创新之处 (11)
第一章韩非耕战思想 (12)熙熙攘攘打一字
第一节韩非耕战思想的渊源 (12)
一、思想渊源：本归于黄老 (12)
二、学术渊源：耕战出于申商 (12)
三、时代背景：实践出于韩国 (13)
米线的制作
第二节韩非耕战思想的内容 (14)
一、务力：君主的政治认知 (14)
二、刑赏：增加国力的制度安排 (15)
出入平安对联三、集权于君：驱使臣民的手段 (16)
第三节韩非耕战思想的实施条件 (17)
一、人性的趋利避害特质 (17)
二、君主、大臣及民众的博弈关系 (18)
