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MLA格式文内引用说明
MLA In-Text Citations: The Basics
Summary: MLA (Modern Language Association) style is most commonly ud to write papers and cite sources within the liberal arts and humanities. This resource, updated to reflect the MLA Handbook for Writers of Rearch Papers (7th ed.) and the MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing (3rd ed.), offers examples for the general format of MLA rearch papers, in-text citations, endnotes/footnotes, and the Works Cited page. Plea u the example at the bottom of this page to cite the Purdue OWL in MLA.
Contributors:Tony Rusll, Allen Brizee
Last Edited: 2010-04-21 07:58:21
lish.purdue.edu/owl/resource/747/02/
Guidelines for referring to the works of others in your text using MLA style is covered in chapter six of the MLA Handbook and in chapter ven of the MLA Style Manual. Both book
s provide extensive examples, so it's a good idea to consult them if you want to become even more familiar with MLA guidelines or if you have a particular reference question.
Basic In-Text Citation Rules
In MLA style, referring to the works of others in your text is done by using what is known as parenthetical citation. This method involves placing relevant source information in parenthes after a quote or a paraphra.
海带饼General Guidelines
∙ The source information required in a parenthetical citation depends (1.) upon the source medium (e.g. Print, Web, DVD) and (2.) upon the source’s entry on the Works Cited (bibliography) page.
∙ Any source information that you provide in-text must correspond to the source information on the Works Cited page. More specifically, whatever signal word or phra you provide to your readers in the text, must be the first thing that appears on the left-han
d margin of the corresponding entry in the Works Cited List.
In-Text Citations: Author-Page Style
MLA format follows the author-page method of in-text citation. This means that the author's last name and the page number(s) from which the quotation or paraphra is taken must appear in the text, and a complete reference should appear on your Works Cited page. The author's name may appear either in the ntence itlf or in parenthes following the quotation or paraphra, but the page number(s) should always appear in the parenthes, not in the text of your ntence. For example:
Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263)网络赚钱平台. Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263).
The both citations in the examples above, (263) and (Wordsworth 263), tell readers that t
平面设计基础he information in the ntence can be located on page 263 of a work by an author named Wordsworth. If readers want more information about this source, they can turn to the Works Cited page, where, under the name of Wordsworth, they would find the following information:
Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford U.P., 1967. Print.
In-text Citations for Print Sources with Known Author
For Print sources like books, magazines, scholarly journal articles, and newspapers, provide a signal word or phra (usually the author’s last name) and a page number. If you provide the signal word/phra in the ntence, you do not need to include it in the parenthetical citation.
Human beings have been described by Kenneth Burke as "symbol-using animals" (3). Human beings have been described as "symbol-using animals" (Burke 3).
The examples must correspond to an entry that begins with Burke, which will be the fir
st thing that appears on the left-hand margin of an entry in the Works Cited:
whether和if的区别Burke, Kenneth. Language as Symbolic Action: Essays on Life, Literature, and Method关于作文. Berkeley: U of California P, 1966. Print.
In-text Citations for Print Sources with No Known Author
When a source has no known author, u a shortened title of the work instead of an author name. Place the title in quotation marks if it's a short work (e.g. articles) or italicize it if it's a longer work (e.g. plays, books, television shows, entire websites) and provide a page number.
We e so many global warming hotspots in North America likely becau this region has “more readily accessible climatic data and more comprehensive programs to monitor and study environmental change . . . ” (“Impact of Global Warming” 6).
In this example, since the reader does not know the author of the article, an abbreviated title of the article appears in the parenthetical citation which corresponds to the full name
of the article which appears first at the left-hand margin of its respective entry in the Works Cited. Thus, the writer includes the title in quotation marks as the signal phra in the parenthetical citation in order to lead the reader directly to the source on the Works Cited page. The Works Cited entry appears as follows:
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