Brief Guide to Referencing
with Harvard S y s t e m
far的副词
Referencing with Harvard System
This is a guide to the Harvard system but you should always check your cour handbook and/or module outline for any further guidance, as your lecturers may prefer a different style of referencing.
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Introduction:
This guide gives advice on referencing using the Harvard System. This is the preferred referencing system for many of the departments at the Xi’a n Jiaotong –Liverpool University. There are numerous different types of referencing systems available. And most style guides fall into two commonly ud system: 1) author-date system (Harvard, APA) and 2) numeric system (Vancouver, MLA). To be noted, Harvard is an author-date citation system rather than a bibliography style itlf. Bibliographic style is a personal choice, it is about whether titles are italicid, in bold, underlined, authors’ full names or initials are included. So the Harvard system can u different styles which dictate the appearance of your document but you should always have a citation in the text and a bibliographic reference at the end of your document. This guide suggests a style within Harvard system which aligns with the guidance of University of Liverpool.
Plagiarism:
When writing assignments you must acknowledge the source of your ideas and quotes in sufficient detail so that readers can locate the item. Referencing is important to avoid plagiarism, to verify quotations and to enable readers to follow up what you have written and locate the cited work. Plagi
arism is d efined by Xi’a n Jiaotong –Liverpool University Student Regulations as “Re producing material from other works or a paraphra of such material without acknowledgemen t”. For more information on how to avoid plagiarism plea refer to Department of Registry.
Collecting and organizing references:
It is often not easy (or possible) to retrieve sources after you have written your text. For this reason it is best to write down all the citation details of a source as you u it, and to compile a reference list at the end of the document that includes full details of all references cited. Bibliographic software, such as EndNote, RefWorks, will help you organize your references according to different citation systems and to add the citations to your text.
Two parts in Harvard System:冰盖
•In-text citation -Citing in the text of your work: this means acknowledging, within your text, the sources that you have ud.
•Your Bibliography (containing bibliographic citations): the are the details of the sources you have ud. You list them in alphabetical order at the end of your work. This is your reference list. You can e instructions for developing your bibliography later in this guideline.
In-text citations:
•In an author-date style, in-text citations usually require the name of the author(s) and the year of publication.
蛋糕大战• A page number is included if you have a direct quote, paraphra a passage or you want to direct the reader to a specific page. Page numbers may also be included if you are referring to a long work and the page numbers might be uful to the reader.
How to create a reference list/bibliography
• A reference list contains only the books, articles, and web pages etc. that are cited in the text of the document. A bibliography includes all sources consulted for background or further reading.
• A reference list is arranged alphabetically by author.
•If you have more than one item with the same author, list the items chronologically, starting with the earliest publication.
August 2013
Contents
Books (4)
Chapter in a book (6)
Conference papers (7)
Journal articles (8)
佳能摄像机
竞选Thes (8)
女人的臀部Reports (9)
Web pages (9)
Tables, Images or Diagrams (10)
Other internet sources (11)
Patents (11)
Standards (12)
授权证书模板
Maps (12)
DVD or Video (13)
Non-English texts ...................................................... . (13)
Lecture notes (14)
Personal communications (14)
Indirect citations (15)
Direct quotations (15)
Further Information (16)
Acknowledgement (16)
