【表达积累】文化（2）
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2.1 中国文化
四大发明 the four great inventions of ancient China
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火药 gunpowder
印刷术 printing
造纸术 paper-making
指南针 the compass
中国古代哲学家 Ancient Chine Philosophers
孔子 Confucius
孟子 Mencius
老子 Lao Tzu
庄子 Chuang Tzu
墨子 Mo Tzu
孙子 Sun Tzu
（注：e attached for famous quotations of Ancient Chine Philosophers ）
道 Tao , “the way”， the principle of the workings of the univer
仁humaneness（also mean: humanity, benevolence, goodness, virtue）
四书 The Four Books
《大学 》The Great Learning
《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean
《论语》TheAnalects of Confucius
《孟子》The Mencius
书法五大书体 five major styles of calligraphy
篆书 al script / al character
隶书 official script / clerical script
行书 running script / mi-cursive script
人生末路
草书 cursive script
楷书 regular script / standard script
中国画 traditional Chine painting
水墨画 Chine brush painting; ink and wash painting
工笔 traditional Chine realistic painting
六艺：six classical arts
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礼 rites
乐 music
射 archery
御 riding
书 writing
数 arithmetic
孙子兵法 TheArt of War
汉字 Chine character
（汉字）笔画 stroke
偏旁部首 radical
书写体系 writing system
汉藏语系 Sino-Tibetan
汉学家 Sinologist / Sinologue
中国热 Sinomania
同宗同源 of the same origin
华夏祖先 the Chine ancestors
单音节 single syllable
汉语有 “合理的逻辑性” Chine language is “soberly logical” （Edward Sapir, American linguist）
汉语四声调 the four tones of Chine characters
level tone 阳平
rising tone 阴平
falling-rising tone 上声
falling tone 去声
武术 martial art
中国武术 Kung fu
武术门派 styles or schools of martial art
习武健身 practice martial art for fitness
古代格斗术 ancient form of combat
中国武术协会 Chine Martial Art Association
武林高手 top martial artist
诸葛亮徒弟气功 Qigong, deep breathing exercis
柔道 judo
空手道 Karate
跆拳道 tae kwon do
拳击 boxing
摔跤 wrestling
击剑 fencing
仗剑走天涯 walk the earth （with a sword）
什么的呼唤武侠小说 tales of roving knights; kung fu novels
中国文学 Chine literature
《三国演义》Three Kingdoms
《西游记》 Journey to the West; Pilgrimage to the West
《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions
《山海经》 the Classic of Mountains and Rivers
《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror；Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers
《西厢记》 the Romance of West Chamber
火警119
《水浒传》 Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin
《聊斋志异》 Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio; Strange Tales from Make-Do Studio
《围城》Fortress Besieged
《阿 Q 正传》The True Story of Ah Q
春秋 the Spring and AutumnAnnals
史记 Historical Records
诗经 The Books of Songs；the Book of Odes
书经 The Books of History
易经 I Ching; the Book of Changes
礼记 the Book of Rites
孝经 Book of Filial Piety
三字经 three-character scripture；three-word chant
八股文 eight-part essay; stereotyped writing
五言绝句 five-character quatrain
七言律诗 ven-character octave
中国建筑 Chine architecture
四合院
quadrangle, the traditional Chine single-story hous with rows of rooms around the four sides of a courtyard
蒙古包（Mongolian） yurt
碑刻,碑文,碑铭 inscriptions on a tablet
碑林 the forest of steles, tablet forest
道观 Taoist temple
殿 hall
雅思学术类烽火台 beacon tower
鼓楼 drum tower
华表 ornamental column
回廊 corridor
祭坛 altar
假山 rockeries
角楼 watchtower
廊 corridor
牌楼 pailou, decorated archway
桥 bridges
酵母菌的结构石舫 stone boat
石窟 grotto
水榭 pavilion on the water
塔 pagoda; tower
台 terrace
坛 altar
亭阁 pavilion
钟楼 bell tower
柱 pillar, column, post
陵墓 emperor’s mausoleum/tomb
重要文化遗产 major cultural heritage
优秀民间艺术 outstanding folk arts
文物 cultural relics
中国结 Chine knot
旗袍 Cheongsam
古代有近视眼吗中山装 Chine tunic suit
唐装 traditional Chine garments （clothing）， Tang suit
开在心中的花作文
景泰蓝 cloisonné
朝廷使者 royal court envoy
