研究生学术英语写作教程Unit 3 key

更新时间:2023-07-04 04:54:55 阅读：评论：0

Unit 3

Keys for 1.3.1

Bruntland Commission Report, etc On the one side	Leach and Mearns On the other side
Poverty is a major cau of environmental problems and amelioration of poverty is a necessary and central condition of any effective programs addressing the environment. Environmental degradation, rapid population growth and stagnant production are cloly linked with the fast spread of acute poverty in many countries of Asia. Poor families who have to meet short term needs mine the natural capital by excessive cutting of trees for firewood and failure to replace soil nutrients	The studies point to demographic, cultural, and institutional factors as important variables in the poverty-environmental degradation nexus. An intricate web of factors plus the existence of feedback loops from environmental degradation to poverty makes the process of identifying causality links, if any, between environmental degradation and poverty a difficult exerci.

1.3.2 Decide how many elements this sample includes and how they function.

Elements 斑斓猛虎	Functions 三国故事有哪些
Element 1	General statements about a field of rearch to provide the reader with a tting for the problem to be reported
Element 2	More specific statements about the aspects of the problem already studied by other rearchers
Element 3	Statements that indicate the need for more investigation
Element 4	Very specific statements giving the purpos/objectives of the writer’s study
Element 5	Optional statements that give a value or justification for carrying out the study, limitation of the study, etc.

2.1.1 Check the reviewing ction of sample Introduction and complete the following table.

Questions	How many?	For what purpos?
Are some ntences written in the prent ten? Are some ntences written in past ten? Are some ntences written in the prent perfect ten? Which ten is ud more? Why do you think this is the ca?	Yes, 17 verbs in the prent ten. Yes, 3 verbs in past ten. Yes, 5 verbs in the prent perfect ten. The prent ten	The author mostly us the prent ten verbs to show their opinion on another person's rearch, relate what other authors say or discuss to the literature, The verbs have the discour role of providing particulars for 行政划分recounting events, results found or a preceding generalization or the basis for a claim, etc. The prent perfect ten can be ud to state that the rearch results are recent, expressing what has been found over an extended period in the past and up to the prent to highlight the direct relevance of previous studies to the writer's own rearch The prent ten is most commonly ud in the writing, emphasizing the prent significance of the study.

2.2.2 Read three extracts on the issue of poverty and crime. U the verbs above to cite opinions on poverty and crime.

A study by Williams (2011) reports that percentage of poor Americans who are living in extreme poverty has reached a 32-year high, resulting in vere social problems. The findings are supported by Holmes (2011) who further states that there are more and more at the link between unemployment, poverty and crime. And the unmistakable characteristic of poverty and crime is that they’re both geographically concentrated in the same areas. This opinion is theoretically explained from an economic perspective of crime that people weigh the conquences of committing crime. They resort to crime only if the cost or conquences are outweighed by the potential benefits to be gained (Garland, 2012).

九江小吃

Although both the studies focus on the clo relation between poverty and crime, they have ignored … according to Leach and Mearns (2012).

3.1 Using references

Information prominent citation

Among the six areas regarding the poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day, sub-Saharan Africa constituted the biggest ratio up to almost 50% of the population. (World Bank, 2012)

Author prominent citation

The World Bank (2012) stated that South Asia ranked the cond in the chart regarding poverty ratio at $1.25 a day among six areas in the world.

Weak author prominent citation

As a report from the World Bank (2012) indicated, the top two areas of poverty headcount ratio at $1.25 a day were sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, with a population of almost 50 percent and 37 percent respectively.

3.2 Relating literature to your rearch

What questions does this literature review answer?

(Key: This literature offers a summary of previous rearch, so it simply tells the reader what was discovered in previous rearch.)现代教育技术

如何开光

What questions doesn't it answer?

(Key: It doesn't evaluate the rearch it summarizes, nor does it show the relationships between the different theories, views and approaches it describes.)工资收入证明

Which method has the writer ud to organize the literature review?

(Key: The writer has organized this literature review around the rearchers, and has prented it chronologically (arranging the work by when it was published). Notice that by organizing it around the rearchers (the summaries are listed after the names of the people who did the rearch) and not around the rearch (e.g. around key concepts) the writer emphasizes the people and not their work.)

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