2023届新高考英语二轮复习攻破新题
阅读理解之说明文（2.5分）03：真题演练
【精选真题1】
平舌音和翘舌音有哪些
夕阳照(2022·北京卷)
“What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, becau imagining something that isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal t out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now en as esntial in meeting global challenges.
Systems thinking is crucial to achieving targets such as zero hunger and better nutrition bec
au it requires considering the way in which food is produced, procesd, delivered and consumed, and looking at how tho things interct (交叉 ) with human health, the environment, economics and society. According to systems thinking, changing the food system—or any other network—requires three things to happen. First, rearchers need to identify all the players in that system; cond, they must work out how they relate to each other; and third, they need to understand and quantify the impact of tho relationships on each other and on tho outside the system.
罗杰斯人本主义Take nutrition. In the latest UN report on global food curity, the number of undernourished (营养不良 )people in the world has been rising, despite great advances in nutrition science. Tracking of 150 biochemicals in food has been important in revealing the relationships between calories, sugar, fat and the occurrence of common dias. But using machine learning and artificial intelligence, some scientists propo that human diets consist of at least 26,000 biochemicals—and that the vast majority are not known.This shows that we have some way to travel before achieving the first objective of systems t hinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutriti
on system.
A systems approach to creating change is also built on the assumption that everyone in the system has equal power. But as some rearchers find, the food system is not an equal one. A good way to redress (修正 ) such power imbalance is for more universities to do what Crystal did and teach students how to think using a systems approach.
棋子图片More rearchers, policymakers and reprentatives from the food industry must learn to look beyond their direct lines of responsibility and adopt a systems approach. Crystal knew that visions alone don’t produce results, but concluded that “we’ll never produce results that we can’t envision”.
28. The author us the question underlined in Paragraph 1 to ________.
A. illustrate an argument B. highlight an opinion
C. introduce the topic D. predict the ending
29. What can be inferred about the field of nutrition?
A. The first objective of systems thinking hasn’t been achieved.
B. The relationships among players have been clarified.
C. Machine learning can solve the nutrition problem.考研线
黄芪作用
D. The impact of nutrition cannot be quantified.
30. As for systems thinking, which would the author agree with?
A. It may be ud to justify power imbalance.
B. It can be applied to tackle challenges.
C. It helps to prove why hunger exists.
D. It goes beyond human imagination.
【答案】28. C29. A30. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了解决全球挑战的重要方法——系统思维。
【解析】
【28题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段““What would the world be if there were no hunger?” It’s a question that Professor Crystal would ask her students. They found it hard to answer, she wrote later, becau imagining something that isn’t part of real life—and learning how to make it real—is a rare skill. It is taught to artists and engineers, but much less often to scientists. Crystal t out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now en as esntial in meeting global challenges. (“如果没有饥饿，世界会是什么样子？”这是 Crystal教授会问学生的问题。她后来写道，他们发现很难回答这个问题，因为想象一些不属于现实生活的东西，并学习如何将其变成现实是一项罕见的技能。它被教授给艺术家和工程师，但很少教授给科学家。Crystal着手改变这种状况，并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果，一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知，文章开头提出问题是为了引出话题-系统思维的方法被视为应对全球挑战的关键。故选C项。
【29题详解】细节理解题。由文章第三段“This shows that we have some way to travel be
fore achieving the first objective of systems t hinking - which,in this example, is to identify more constituent parts of the nutrition system.(这表明，在实现系统思考的第一个目标之前，我们还有一段路要走——在本例中，这是为了确定营养系统的更多组成部分。)”可知，实现系统思维的第一个目标还有一段路需要走，现尚未实现。故选A项。
来自天空的问候
【30题详解】推理判断题。由文章第一段“Crystal t out to change that, and helped to create a global movement. The result—an approach known as systems thinking—is now en as esntial in meeting global challenges.(Crystal着手改变这种状况，并帮助创建了一个全球运动。结果，一种被称为系统思维的方法现在被视为应对全球挑战的关键。)”可知，作者认为该系统能应用于解决挑战。故选B项。
【精选真题2】
(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)
Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more c
ommon than others? A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
