提莫攻略时事热点 冲刺2022年高考英语阅读理解
语言文化类
（解析版）
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ· C)
话题:语言的消失 词数:304W 难度:★★★★
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of tho people started ttling down to become farmers, and their l
anguages too became more ttled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caud many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chine are increasingly taking over.
At prent, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of the languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400;and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.The median number (中位数) of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are clo to extinction (消亡),with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining sp
eakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico (150),Lipan Apache in the United States (two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of the ems to have much chance of survival.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要讲述了随着人类社会的发展,很多语言逐渐消失。
28.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?
A.They developed very fast.
B.They were large in number.
C.They had similar patterns.
D.They were cloly connected.
【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段中的Whendna的基本单位 the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers ...they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.可知,在狩猎时代虽然人口很少,但语言种类很多。
29.Which of the following best explains “dominant” underlined in paragraph 2?
A.Complex. B.Advanced.
C.Powerful. D.Modern.
【解析】选C。词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句中的increasingly taking over,意为“越来越占据统治地位”,可知dominant意为“占优势的;占支配地位的”,与C项同义。
30.How many languages are spoken by less than 6,000 people at prent?
A.About 6,800. B.About 3,400.
C.About 2,400. D.About 1,200.
【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句The median number of speakers is a mere 6,000,which means that half the world’s languages are spoken by人间简史 fewer people than that.以及第四段第一句中的the total of 6,800 languages可知答案为同桌的你豆瓣B。
31.What is the main idea of the text?
A.New languages will be created.
B.People兰亭集序朗诵’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.
【解析】选 C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章主要讲述随着人类社会的发展,语言的种类越来越少,故C项为正确答案。
【难句剖析】...and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200,of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800.
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分析:of which引导一个非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词3,200。句中的well为副词,意为“相当;远远地”。
翻译:……亚洲和环太平洋地区大概有3 200种语言,其中仅巴布亚新几内亚一个国家的语言就远超800种。
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ· D)
话题:简单的物品也能激发快乐 词数:307
难度:★★★
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-ud things, and it worked. Becau of our efforts, our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys to a little girl who mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness. She cho to ll a few larger objects that were less often ud when we promid to put the money into her school fund(基金)(our kindergarten daughter is rious about becoming a doctor).
For weeks, I’ve been thinking of bigger, deeper questions.白军国防科技大学毕业军衔 How do we make it a habit for t
hem? And how do we train ourlves to help them live with, need, and u less? Yesterday, I sat with my son, Shepherd, determined to test my own theory on this. I decided to play with him with only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest. I expected that one toy would keep his attention for about five minutes, ten minutes, max. I cho a red rubber ball—simple ,universally available. We pasd it, he tried to put it in his mouth, he tried bouncing it, rolling it, sitting on it, throwing it. It was totally, completely enough for him. Before I knew it an hour had pasd and it was time to move on to lunch.
We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.
