高考英语外刊时文精读专题：
2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练 (8)
Perception: A ro by any other name
文化认知：情人眼里出西施
主题语境：人与社会 主题语境内容：社会与文化
【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。）
TO THE SWEDES, there are few smells more pleasant than that of surströmming(鲱鱼罐头). To most non-Swedes there are probably few smells more disgusting. In 偶像万万岁歌曲determining whichscents(气味) people find pleasant and which they do not, surströmming suggests culture must play a large part.
New rearch, however, suggests that might not be the ca. Artin Arshamian, a neuroscientist at the Karolinska Institute in Sweden, and Asifa Majid, a psychologist at the
University of Oxford, began with the expectation that culture would play an important role in determining pleasant smells. They had noticed from their own previous work that people from different cultures described smells differently. They also knew from past experiments by other rearchers that culture was important in determining which sorts of faces people found beautiful. Thus, they expected to e a similar phenomenon with smells.口红保质期多久
三字经全集
To study how scent and culture relate, Dr Arshamian and Dr Majid prented学习焦虑症 nine different groups of people with ten smells. The cultures doing the smelling varied widely . They included hunter-gatherer communitiesalong the coast of Mexico, farmers living in the highlands ofEcuador, shoreline foragers, gardeners living in the tropical rainforests of Malaysia, and city folk from Thailand and Mexico City. All 235 participants were asked to rank smells according to pleasantness. The team compared their results to earlier work on New Yorkers who had been expod to the same scents.
Writing in Current Biology this week, the rearchers noted that pleasantness rankings of
the smells were remarkably consistent regardless of where people came from. The smell of isovaleric acid(异戊酸) was disliked by the vast majority of the participants, only eight giving it a score of 1 to 3 on the pleasantness scale (where 1 was very pleasant and 10 was very unpleasant). On the other hand, more than 190 people gave vanilla extract (香草精) a score of 1 to 3 and a tiny minority, only 12 people, found it disgusting enough to rate 8 to 10. Overall, the chemical傍晚的太阳打一字 composition of the smells that the rearchers prented explained 41% of the reactions that participants had. In contrast, cultural factors accounted for just 6% of the results. Dr Arshamian and Dr Majid point out that this is very different from how visual perception of faces works—in that ca a person’s culture accounts for up to 50% of the explanation for which faces they find beautiful.
Even so, while culture did not shape perceptions of smells in the way that it is known to shape perceptions of faces, the rearchers did find an “eye of the beholder” effect. Randomness, which Dr Arshamian and Dr Majid suggest has to be coming from personal preferences learned from outside individual culture, accounted for 54% of the d
ifference in which smells people liked. “eye of the beholder” effectdoes not slip off the tongue so easily but it too appears to be a real phenomenon.
【课标词汇】
1.Disgusting令人反感的；令人愤慨的
He had the most disgusting rotten teeth.他长着非常恶心的一嘴烂牙。
I think the decision is disgusting.我认为这个决定令人恶心。
2.determine确定，决定；影响
The number of staff we can take on will be determined by how much money we're allowed to spend.我们雇用的人数将取决于可支配资金的多少。
2050年的中国
People should be allowed to determine their own future.应该允许人们决定自己的未来。
3.劳动关系解除协议be the ca是那样，是那么回事
If that is the ca then I will be very disappointed.如果是那样的话，我会非常失望。
It is simply not the ca that prison conditions are improving. 监狱条件得到改善的情况绝非事实。
4.expectation 期盼；盼望；希望
I have high expectations for this job (= I believe it will be good).我对这份工作有很高期望。
We did so well - beyond all (= better than) our expectations.我们做得非常好——远远超出我们的预期。
5.previous以前的，先前的
The previous owner of the hou had built an extension on the back.这栋房子以前的主人对房子后部进行了扩建。
Tickets will be sold on the same basis as in previous years.票将以前几年相同的原则出售。
6.phenomenon现象(pl. phenomena )
Glaciers are unique and interesting natural phenomena.冰川是独特而有趣的自然现象。
Gravity is a natural phenomenon.重力是一种自然现象。
7.relate（与…）有因果关系，关联
High unemployment is related to high crime rates.高失业率和高犯罪率有因果关系。
I don't understand how the two ideas relate.我不明白这两个观点有什么联系
8.prent赠送，授予；提交；展现
The winners were prented with medals.获胜者被授予奖牌。
The documentary prented us with a balanced view of the issue.这部纪录片向我们呈现了对这个问题的客观看法。
The classroom prented a cheerful busy atmosphere to the visitors全班在访客面前展现出一派快乐繁忙的氛围。
9.vary（使）不同；（使）呈现差异;改变；更改
My taste in classical music varies greatly/widely , but I usually prefer Mozart or Brahms.我对各种古典音乐的喜好程度很不相同，但我通常比较喜欢莫扎特或布拉姆斯的音乐。
The heights of the plants vary from 8 cm to 20 cm.这些植物的高度从 8 厘米到 20 厘米不等。
10.participant参与者，参加者
He has been an active participant in the discussion. 他一直积极参与这次讨论。
It was argued that he was a willing participant. 有人争辩说他是自愿参加的。
11.rank具有…的地位（或等级）；把…分等级；确定…的地位（或等级）
My entry was ranked third in the flower show.在花展中，我送去参赛的花获得了第三名。
It is not always easy to rank the students in order of ability.把学生按能力排名并非总是容易的。
12.情侣间的小游戏expod 暴露的
All expod skin should be covered with protective cream.所有露在外面的皮肤都应该涂上防护霜。
