生日快乐祝福语热点练04 阅读理解之词义猜测题（热点话题）
猜测词义题是英语高考阅读理解的重要题型，也是难点题型。在阅读英语材料这类真实语言活动的过程中，遇到生词本属正常，但是我们并不是每次遇到生词就一定要查字典。正确理解。掌握所读材料中单词或短语的含义是理解全文意思的基础，在阅读中根据选材，背景和上下文提示等线索推测出生词词义也是真实语言活动中的一项重要技巧。因为文章中的任何单词和句子在内容上都不是孤立的，都与其所在的句子、段落及整篇文章有关。因此，应该利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行符合逻辑的分析，并依此来猜测词义或者句意。
猜测词义题，要求考生不但要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。此类题型有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句意题。因为猜测词组、句意题涉及题材背景、句子结构、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测难度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。
常见的设问方式有：
What do you think the expression“...”stand for?
What does the underlined word “...” refer to/mean?
The underlined word “...”can 宿舍装饰be replaced by_______.
Which of the following is clost in meaning to the underlined?
早上的太阳图片What does the underlined word "it/them" refer to?
Which of the following words can take the place of the underlined word "..."
“...”as ud in the passage can best be defined as......
考向1：通过构词法来猜词
利用熟词的新词性猜测词义，前缀只改变词义，后缀只改变词性。根据前缀、后缀，合成及词性转换猜测词义。高考英语阅读理解中的猜测词义题主要集中在派生和合成两种形式上，对猜测的词义可带入句子进行验证，看是否符合语境，从而推测出答案。
例1.Most people who come into contact with the Salmonella bacteria will experience diarrhea (腹泻), fever, and stomach cramp. Children are particularly affected—one in three sick people are below the age of five, which is intelligible given their weaker immune systems and natural love for the birds.
1.What does the underlined word “intelligible” probably mean in paragraph 4?
A．Understandable. B．Irresistible. C．Unavoidable. D．Controversial.
考向2：通过定义来猜词，简称“定义法”
本技巧特别是新闻报道及科普类说明文中，生词后面往往用that is, mean, stand for, namely, refer to, in other words等或破折号、冒号引出说明性的内容,有时也用同位语从句、定语从句进行解释说明。
例2：Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%） rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of tho Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a curity blanket — 19 percent say they never u it while a further 13 percent keep it in ca of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.
2. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Admit. B. Argue.
C. Remember. D. Remark.
考向3：通过同位关系来猜词，简称“同义法”
构成同位关系的两部分之间通常用连接词连接，有时也使用逗号、破折号、冒号、分号、括号或同位语。常用的信息词或表达有：or, similarly, also, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say等。
例3：Over 5,000 years’ worth of samples, no species loss was detected. The findings suggest that contrary to common belief, the Amazon is not untouched by humans, but rather has been protected by them for thousands of years. The management of the rainforest by native peoples appears to have been vital in prerving its biodiversity and will continue to be important in the fight to prevent it from a collapanoxic.
教育叙事范文
3.What does the underlined word “collap” mean in Paragraph 4?
A．Sudden decrea. B．Bad management.
C．Poor prervation. D．Over development.
考向4：通过转折或对比来猜词，简称“反义法”
利用反义词推测生词的意义。如果一个句子或段落中有对两个事物或现象进行对比的描述，可以根据画线词的反义词猜测其词义。表示转折关系的词主要有but, however, otherwi, though等；表示对比关系的标志性词语有 while, in contrast, unlike, on the other hand等。
例4：Growing up in a small town in Wisconsin, he was told that he was “too small and not big enough” to ever play professional football. “There’s no way”, they said. Instead of letting the remarks of others diminish him, he ud them to inspire himlf.:
4.What does the underlined word “diminish” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A．Abu. B．Discourage. C．Prai. D．Boycott.
考向:5：通过因果关系来猜词
在句子段落中，若两个事物，两个现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这样逻辑关系推知生词词义，即由果推因。表示因果关系的词有 becau, since, so that, so/ hat…, therefore等。
例5：老师的手However, the Metropolitan Police officer, who was dresd in a gorilla (大猩猩) suit, had a good reason for his slowness. He had completed the 26.2 miles on all fours to rai funds to help gorilla conrvation efforts in Africa. The 41-year-old who spent an average 8—10 hours on his hands and knees, covered about 4.5miles each day before crashing at his friend's hou for the night. To prevent his knees from blistering (起泡), he swapped between hands and knees into loping (大步跑) along on hands and feet and took breaks every 100 to 200 meters. But the arduous crawl was well worth it.
5．What does the underlined word “arduous” mean in paragraph 2?
A．Difficult. B．Funny.
C．Harmful. D．Attractive.
考向6：通过代词来猜词
自学本科代词所指代的内容多在这一句的前、后句中(特别是前句)，或者前几个句子中。找到指代的内容后，把它放在代词的位置上，看一看这句话是否合理，与前后的内容是否一致，然后再判断它是否为正确答案。
例6：“I thought the medical field wasn't for me. Then, my mom got sick and I had all the experience going in and out of the hospital, ” Edina told Good Morning America. “When my mom pasd away, I thought, ‘I want to do this.’”she said.
