考研英语二阅读讲义
观点态度题
肤浅的英文
【大纲要求】
理解作者的意图、观点或态度。
撤诉【题型界定】
该题型询问的是作者或文章中某一人物对某一事件的看法和评价。
【题干特征】
理解作者的意图、观点或态度。
手柄映射键盘The attitude of the writer toward depression is________.
From the text we can e that the writer ems________.
What's George Lodge’s attitude towards the resignations of Japane corporate leaders？
简而言之，本题型问作者或文中人物的立场、观点和对事物的评价。值得注意的事，文中人物和作者态度不一定是一致的，必须结合文章具体内容进行判断。
【解题思路】
根据作者使用的词语的褒贬性，或者例子的褒贬性来判断态度
注意：
1.阅读时做好标记（+；—）
2.一般来说，带有绝对化或过于强烈的表达是错误选项，保留态度的比较客观的选项才是正确答案
3.注意看清是作者的态度还是引用别人的态度
4.文中态度若有转折，首选中立客观，没有中立，选转折后，转折前永远不选
选项词汇归纳
1.正面：positive optimistic approval supportive
2.负面：negative pessimistic disapproval critical doubtful suspicious skeptical questionable
3.中立：neutral objective impartial
4.陪跑：uninterested unconcerned indifferent confud puzzled subjective biad prejudice contemptuous
例题一
【2010-3】
例：35.The author’s attitude toward the influence of advertiment on people’s habits is_______.
［A］indifferent
［B］negative
［C］positive
［D］biad
原文：Ⅳ①If you look hard enough,you’ll find that many of the products we u every day—chewing gums,skin moisturizers,disinfecting wipes,air fresheners,water purifiers,health snacks,teeth whitener
s,fabric softeners,vitamins—are results of manufactured habits.②A century ago,few people regularly brushed their teeth multiple times a day.③Today,becau of shrewd advertising and public health campaigns,many Americans habitually give their pearly whites a cavity-preventing scrub twice a day,often with Colgate,Crest or one of the other brands.Ⅶ①Through experiments and obrvation,social scientists like Dr.Berning have learned that
there is power in tying certain behaviors to habitual cues through ruthless advertising.②As this new science of habit has emerged,controversies have erupted when the tactics have been ud to ll questionable beauty creams or unhealthy foods.
例题二
【2013-3】
例：35.The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.
护士简历[A]tolerant
[B]optimistic
[C]uncertain
[D]doubtful
原文
Ⅰ①Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions,if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react,we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick,hard-wired respons.
Ⅱ①Snap decisions can be important defen mechanisms;if we are judging whether someone is dangerous,our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly,within milliconds.
②But we need more time to asss other factors.③To accurately tell whether someone is sociable,studies show,we need at least a minute,preferably five.④It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism or open-mindedness.
Ⅲ①But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm.dns服务器异常
②Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliconds primes us to read20percent faster,even though reading has little to do with eating.
③We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry tho impuls into whatever el we’re doing.④Subjects expod to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.
Ⅳ①Yet we can rever such influences.②If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we e a happy face(one reason good sales reprentatives and real estate agents are always smiling),we can take a moment before buying.③If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants,we can help screeners understand their bias—or hire outside screeners.
V①John Gottman,the marriage expert,explains that we quickly“thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in“thick sliced”long-term study.②When Dr.Gottman really wants to asss whether a couple will stay together,he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation:two days,not two conds.
Ⅵ①Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals:dogs can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes.②But historically we have spent about12percent of our days contemplating the longer term.
③Although technology might change the way we react,it hasn’t changed our nature.④We still have the imaginative capacity to ri above temptation and rever the high-speed trend.
例题三
【2014-1】
例：22.The author’s attitude toward Americans’watching TV is_____.
[A]critical[B]supportive
[C]sympathetic[D]ambiguous
原文
①This slim volume is packed with tips to help wage slaves as well as lottery winners get the most“happiness bang for your buck.”②It ems most people would be better off if they could shorten their commutes to work,spend more time with friends and family and less of it watching television(something the average American spends a whopping two months a year doing,and is hardly jollier for it).③Buying gifts or giving to charity is often more pleasurable than purchasing thing
s for onelf,and luxuries are most enjoyable when they are consumed sparingly.④This is apparently the reason McDonald’s restricts the availability of its popular McRib—a marketing trick that has turned the pork sandwich into an object of obssion.
例题四
【2017-1】
例：25.The author's attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_______.
[A]critical
[B]tolerant
在线客服qq[C]uncertain
[D]sympathetic
原文：①Indeed,there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally“grassroots”concept as community sports associations.②If there is a role for govern
ment,it should really be getting involved in providing common goods—making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts,and encouraging the provision of all the activities in schools.③But successive governments have presided over lling green spaces,squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education.④Instead of wordy,worthy strategies,future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive.⑤Or at least not make them wor.
例题五
【2018-1】
例：25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as______.
[A]supportive
[B]tolerant
[C]disappointed
[D]cautious
原文：Ⅷ①Koziatek's school is a wake-up call.②When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.
观点态度题的争议题
【2011-1】
例：25.The author’s attitude toward the role of outside directors is.
[A]permissive[B]positive[C]scornful[D]critical
原文：Ⅱ①Outside directors are suppod to rve as helpful,yet less biad,advirs on a firm’s board.②Having made their wealth and their reputations elwhere,they presumably
have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals.③If the sky,and the share price,is falling,outside directors should be able to give advice bad on having weathered their own cris.
Ⅳ①But the rearchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks,even if a review of history shows that they w
ere on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred.②Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives.③Otherwi outside directors will follow the example of Ms.Simmons,once again very popular on campus.
观点态度题经典范文
2013
Text4
①Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.②In particular,the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of nior management decisions,and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male.③Indeed,women hold only14per cent of positions on European corporate boards.
①The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women—up to60per cent.②This propod mandate was born of frustration.③Last year,European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action.④Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals of40per cent female board membership.⑤But her appeal was considered a failure:only24companies took it up.
①Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?
①“Personally,I don’t like quotas,”Reding said recently.②“But I like what the quotas do.”
③Quotas get action:they“open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding,a result en in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.
①I understand Reding’s reluctance—and her frustration.②I don’t like quotas either;they run counter to my belief in meritocracy,governance by the capable.③But,when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal,it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.
①After all,four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positions—no matter how much“soft pressure”is put upon them.②When women do break through to the summit of corporate power—as,for example,Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precily becau they remain the exception to the rule.
①If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women—whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers—and all families,Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.昆明市博物馆
36.In the European corporate workplace,generally.
[A]women take the lead
[B]men have the final say
[C]corporate governance is overwhelmed
[D]nior management is family-friendly
37.The European Union’s intended legislation is.
[A]a reflection of gender balance
[B]a respon to Reding’s call
[C]a reluctant choice
[D]a voluntary action
38.According to Reding,quotas may help women.
[A]get top business positions
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[B]e through the glass ceiling
[C]balance work and family
[D]anticipate legal results
39.The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of.
[A]skepticism
[B]objectiveness
[C]indifference
[D]approval
40.Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of.
[A]more social justice
[B]massive media attention
[C]suitable public policies
[D]greater“soft pressure”
