外文文献翻译译文
一、外文原文怎么转运招财
汤姆索亚历险记作者原文：
Risk Management
This chapter reviews and discuss the basic issues and principles of risk management, including: risk acceptability (tolerability); risk reduction and the ALARP principle; cautionary and precautionary principles. And prents a ca study showing the importance of the issues and principles in a practical management context. Before we take a clor look, let us briefly address some basic features of risk management.
写工作总结The purpo of risk management is to ensure that adequate measures are taken to protect people, the environment, and asts from possible harmful conquences of the activities being undertaken, as well as to balance different concerns, in particular risks and costs. Risk management includes measures both to avoid the hazards and to reduce their potenti
学先进
al harm. Traditionally, in industries such as nuclear, oil, and gas, risk management was bad on a prescriptive regulating regime, in which detailed requirements were t with regard to the design and operation of the arrangements. This regime has gradually been replaced by a more goal-oriented regime, putting emphasis on what to achieve rather than on the means of achieving it.
地心毁灭Risk management is an integral aspect of a goal-oriented regime. It is acknowledged that risk cannot be eliminated but must be managed. There is nowadays an enormous drive and enthusiasm in various industries and in society as a whole to implement risk management in organizations. There are high expectations that risk management is the proper framework through which to achieve high levels of performance.蜂蜜小麻花
Risk management involves achieving an appropriate balance between realizing opportunities for gain and minimizing loss. It is an integral part of good management practice and an esntial element of good corporate governance. It is an iterative process consisting of steps that, when undertaken in quence, can lead to a continuous improvement in decision-making and facilitate a continuous improvement in performance.
To support decision-making regarding design and operation, risk analys are carried out. They include the identification of hazards and threats, cau analys, conquence analys, and risk descriptions. The results are then evaluated. The totality of the analys and the evaluations are referred to as risk asssments. Risk asssment is followed by risk treatment, which is a process involving the development and implementation of measures to modify the risk, including measures designed to avoid, reduce (“optimize”), transfer, or retain the risk. Risk transfer means sharing with another party the benefit or loss associated with a risk. It is typically affected through insurance. Risk management covers all coordinated activities in the direction and control of an organization with regard to risk.
In many enterpris, the risk management tasks are divided into three main categories: strategic risk, financial risk, and operational risk. Strategic risk includes aspects and factors that are important for the enterpri’s long-term strategy and plans, for example mergers and acquisitions, technology, competition, political conditions, legislation and regulations, and labor market. Financial risk includes the enterpri’s financial situation, a
清纯性感nd includes: Market risk, associated with the costs of goods and rvices, foreign exchange rates and curities (shares, bonds, etc.). Credit risk, associated with a debtor’s failure to meet its obligations in accordance with agreed terms. Liquidity risk, reflecting lack of access to cash; the difficulty of lling an ast in a timely manner. Operational risk is related to conditions affecting the normal operating situation: Accidental events, including failures and defects, quality deviations, natural disasters. Intended acts; sabotage, disgruntled employees, etc. Loss of competence, key personnel. Legal circumstances, associated for instance, with defective contracts and liability insurance.
For an enterpri to become successful in its implementation of risk management, top management needs to be involved, and activities must be put into effect on many levels. Some important points to ensure success are: the establishment of a strategy for risk management, i.e., the principles of how the enterpri defines and implements risk management. Should one simply follow the regulatory requirements (minimal requirements), or should one be the “best in the class”? The establishment of a risk mana
gement process for the enterpri, i.e. formal process and routines that the enterpri is to follow. The establishment of management structures, with roles and responsibilities, such that the risk analysis process becomes integrated into the organization. The implementation of analys and support systems, such as risk analysis tools, recording systems for occurrences of various types of events, etc. The communication, training, and development of a risk management culture, so that the competence, understanding, and motivation level within the organization is enhanced. Given the above fundamentals of risk management, the next step is to develop principles and a methodology that can be ud in practical decision-making. This is not, however, straightforward. There are a number of challenges and here we address some of the: establishing an informative risk picture for the various decision alternatives, using this risk picture in a decision-making context. Establishing an informative risk picture means identifying appropriate risk indices and asssments of uncertainties. Using the risk picture in a decision making context means the definition and application of risk acceptance criteria, cost benefit analys and the ALARP principle, which states that risk should be reduced to a level which is as low as is reasonably practicable.
>失恋无罪
