Lesson 3 Inaugural Address （January 20, 1961）
一、词汇短语
1. inaugural []adj. of, relating to, or characteristic of an
inauguration就职的：an inaugural speech就职演说
2. signify []vt. to denote; mean表明，意味：Plea signify
英文cv模板agreement by raising your hands.请举手表示同意。
3. almighty [] adj. having absolute power; all-powerful万能的，全能的
4. forebear [] n. a person from whom one is descended; an ancestor 祖先，祖宗
5. prescribe [] vt. a）to order a medicine or other treatment开
药，处方：I’ll prescribe some medicines for you.我给你开点药。b）to t
down as a rule or guide; enjoin规定，指示
6. generosity []n. liberality in giving or willingness to
give慷慨，大方：His generosity is proverbial.他的慷慨是众所周知的。7. heir [] n. a person who is entitled by law or by the terms of a will to inherit the
estate of another继承人，后嗣
春夜
8. foe [] n. enemy; opponent敌人
9. undoing [] n. the act of bringing to ruin毁灭，破坏：Stress can be
the undoing of so many fine players.紧张可能是许多优秀选手失败的原因。
10. at odds in disagreement; quarreling有争执，意见不一致：She is at odds with her
boss她与她的老板不和。
11. venture [] n. an undertaking that involves risks 冒险，风险
12. asunder [] adv. into parate parts or pieces分离，成碎片：
The enemy hormen had broken rank and were asunder.敌军骑兵队形大
乱，溃不成军。
13. subversion [] n. the act or an instance of subverting颠覆：
armed subversion武装颠覆
14. hemisphere []n. a half of the earth, especially one of the
northern and southern halves above and below the equator半球
15. sovereign []adj. lf-governing; independent独立自主的：a
平板品牌排行榜
sovereign state一个独立自主的国家
16. outpace [] vt. to go faster, do better, or develop more quickly
than someone or something el超过，胜过：Malthus believed that
population increa would outpace increas in the means of
subsistence.马尔萨斯认为人口的增长快过生活资料的增长。
17. invective []n. denunciatory or abusive language;
vituperation漫骂，辱骂：utter invectives against sb.痛骂某人
18. shield [] n. a person or thing that provides protection保护人，防护物：
奖的英文
Dark glass are an effective shield against the glare.墨镜能有效地遮挡强光。
19. writ [] n. Law a written order issued by a court, commanding the party to
whom it is addresd to perform or cea performing a specified act [法律]
律令，命令；传票：rve a writ on sb.将传票送达某人
20. adversary []n. an opponent; an enemy敌手，对手：Great
Britain and Germany were adversaries in the Second World War.英国
与德国在第二次世界大战中曾互为敌国。
21. anew [] adv. once more; again重新，再：start anew重新开始
22. unleash [] vt. to relea or loo from or as if from a leash解开
皮带，释放：unleash one’s temper发脾气
23. engulf [] vt. to completely surround or cover something吞没，淹
没：The village was engulfed by the flood.村庄被洪水淹没了。
24. civility [] n. courteous behavior; politeness客气，礼貌：You
should show more civility to your host.你应该对主人更有礼貌。
25. belabor [] vt. to discuss repeatedly or at length; harp on喋喋不
休，反复讲：Don’t belabor the point.别再啰嗦这事儿了。
26. formulate [] v. to express in systematic terms or concepts
系统地阐述或提出，简洁陈述：The State Council shall define the scope
and formulate the rules for such reduction and exemption.特定减税或
者免税的范围和办法由国务院规定。[扩展]formulation n. 用公式表达，简洁
陈述/ formulable adj. 可用公式表达的/ formulator n.配方设计师
27. invoke []vt. a）to resort to; u or apply调用，使用：invoke
economic sanctions实行经济制裁；b）to appeal to or cite in support or
justification恳求，请求：invoke the judge’s mercy恳求法官宽恕罗红霉素一次吃几粒
28. eradicate [] vt. to get rid of as if by tearing up by the roots
根除：eradicate crime根除罪恶。其派生词主要形式有：eradication（n. 根
除）/ eradicable（adj. 可根除的）/ eradicative（adj. 根除的，消灭的）30. tap [] vt. a）to strike gently with a light blow or blows轻拍：I tapped you
on the shoulder to get your attention.我轻拍你的肩膀以引起你的注意。b）to draw upon; make u of开发，发掘
31. heed [] vt. to pay attention to; take notice of留心，注意：He did not heed
my gibes, and chattered on.他没有留心我的嘲笑，继续喋喋不休地说着。32. beachhead [] n. a）a first achievement that opens the way for
further developments; a foothold立足点；b）a position on an enemy
shoreline captured by troops in advance of an invading force滩头堡，
登陆场
33. jungle []n. land covered with den growth of trees, tall
vegetation, vines, etc. typically in a tropical region, and inhabited by
predatory animals; a place or situation in which people engage in
ruthless competition or in a struggle for survival 丛林美术课堂教学
34 endeavor [] n. an attempt to do something new or difficult努力，
尽力：the object of a prolonged endeavor.长期努力的目标
35. summon [] vt. a）to call together; convene召集（会议），集合；b）
Law to order to appear in court by the issuance of a summons召唤，传
唤（被告等）：summon a witness传证人
36. testimony [] n. evidence in support of a fact or an asrtion;
proof证据，证明：A witness gave testimony that the accud was drunk.
一个证人提供的证据说被告当时喝醉酒了。
37. embattle [] vt. to prepare for battle; array列阵，严阵以待
38. tribulation []n. great affliction, trial or distress;
suffering苦难，痛苦：the tribulations of the percuted被压迫人民的
苦难画蛇添足的寓言故事
39. forge [] v. to advance gradually but steadily; give form or shape to,
especially by means of careful effort稳步前进；形成：forge ahead with
one’s work在工作上取得良好进展
40. alliance []n. a clo association of nations or other groups,
formed to advance common interests or caus联盟，联合：economical
alliance经济同盟
41. shrink [] vi. a）to become constricted from heat, moisture, or cold收
缩，皱缩：The cloth shrinks in the wash.这布洗了会缩水。b）to draw back
当初的近义词instinctively, as from something alarming; recoil畏缩：He shrank from
making such a sacrifice.要做出这样的牺牲，他退缩了。
二、课文精解
1. John F. Kennedy：约翰·菲茨杰拉德·肯尼迪（1917～1963），美国第三十五位总统。他是美国历史上最年轻的总统，也是第一位信奉天主教的总统。他执政1037天，任职开始
就遇到美国入侵古巴遭受惨败的事件。1961年6月与苏联领导人赫鲁晓夫在维也纳会谈，以强硬态度对待苏联要与东德单独签订和约的威胁。1962年10月发现苏联在古巴设置导弹，他下令对古巴施行封锁，迫使苏联撤出导弹装置。10个月后，美、苏、英禁止核试验条约签字。肯尼迪组织拉丁美洲争取进步同盟与和平队。他提出的大量削减所得税的立法以及扩大人权的立法，却推迟到他死后才得以通过。1963年11月，在得克萨斯州达拉斯市遇刺身亡。
2. …the solemn oath our forebears prescribed nearly a century and three quarters ago：prescribe此处意为“规定，指定遵守”。例：The law prescribes heavy penalties for this offence.法律规定，对这种不法行为从严惩处。
3. And yet the same revolutionary belief for which our forebears fought is still at issue：短语at issue意为“在讨论或争议中”。例：What’s at issue here is the whole future of the industry.争论的焦点是这个行业总的前景。
4. …for we dare not meet a powerful challenge at odds and split asunder：be at odds不和，争吵。例：He’s always at odds with his father over politics.在政治上，他总和父亲意见不一。
5. …tho who foolishly sought power by riding the back of the tiger ended up inside：该句使用了隐喻修辞。这里指的是“那些寻求社会主义国家援助的国家，最终被社会主义国家吞灭”。
6. …to assist free men and free government in casting off the chains of poverty：cast off sth抛弃，摆脱某事物。例：She’s cast off three boyfriends in a month.她一个月内就甩了三个男朋友。
7. …this hemisphere intends to remain the master of its own hou：该句使用了比喻
