动词的时、体、态、式
内容提要：
◆动词的时、体、态、式
◆时态的用法
◆助动词的用法
织围巾花样
动词的时、体、态、式
现代英语的两时两体
What do we mean by ten and aspect?
Ten is a grammatical form of verbs that tells of the distinctions of time.
English verbs have two tens: the prent (Φ) and the past (-ed).
Aspect is a grammatical form that indicates whether an action or state is viewed as complete or incomplete.
English verbs have two aspects: the progressive (-ing) and the perfective (-ed).
There is no such a thing as future ten in English corresponding to the prent and past ten; rather, there are a number of ways of expressing future time, eg: shall/be going to + main verb.
Possible verb forms in the combination of ten and aspect:
Ten aspect combination active voice passive voice
1. simple prent plays am/is/are played
2. simple past played was/were played
3. prent progressive am/is/are playing am/is/are being played
4. past progressive was/were playing was/were being played
5. prent perfective have/has played have/has been played
6. past perfective had played had been played猜谜语及脑筋急转弯
7. prent perfective progressive have/has been playing -------------
自动化的英文
8. past perfective progressive had been playing -------------
动词的态 (Voice)
Voice is a grammatical form of verbs that shows whether the subject of a ntence acts or is acted on.
English verbs have two voices: active voice (Φ) and passive voice (-ed).
Two forms of passive voice: (1) “be + V-ed”;
(2) “get + V-ed”.
Eg:
In the end, he got punished for a crime.
Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested.
When lights fu, furniture gets rickety, pipes get clogged, or vacuum cleaners fail to operate, wives automatically assume that their husbands will somehow put things right.
The work should be done at once.
He was offered some assistance.
The windows have been painted white.
"Hamlet" was written by Shakespeare.
The children are well looked after.苹果是碱性食物还是酸性食物
This matter is being looked into.
Other possibilities were talked about at the meeting.
When was the hospital t up?
爆炒米粉
The sports meet is to be put off.
I am proud to be thus chon.
I hope to be nominated.
He wants to be invited.
He enjoys being flattered.
动词的式 (Mood)
Mood is a grammatical form of verbs that indicates whether an utterance express a fact, a command or request, or a non-factual meaning.
English verbs have three moods: indicative, imperative, and subjunctive.
独立国家联合体
Tell in what mood each of the following ntences is.
Make yourlf at home.
It is desirable that everything be ready by five o’clock.
France lies on the windward side of Europe.
The harsh weather last year is the result of the global greenhou effect.
Don’t be late for class.
I wish I could help.
In modern English, non-factual meaning can be expresd by a number of ways, by the simple past, by the past progressive, by the past perfective, by past ten modals + V, by conditionals, and of cour, by subjunctive mood.
Eg.
星期歌 I should be there by now if I had started earlier.
How I wish I had gone there with you!
He would do it if you asked him.
If you should e Celia, give her my best wishes.
English verbs have two forms of subjunctive mood:
(1) “be-subjunctive”; that is, the verb takes the ba form.
(2) “were-subjunctive”, that is, the verb has only the were form.
Eg.
I wish I were young again.
It is esntial that he recognize his faults.
If I were in your shoes (position), I would accept the terms.
If that be so, we shall take action at once.
苗条英文
He ordered that all the books be nt at once.
We propo that somebody neutral take the chair.
It is necessary that he come back without delay.
If the rumour be true,everything is possible.
Quietly we sat on the river bank lest the fish swim away.
Whatever be his defen, we cannot tolerate his disloyalty.
God bless you!
So be it.
If only I were not so nervous.
He behaves as though he were better than us.
Though the whole world were against me, I would do what I consider as right.
