阅读专题六: 猜词题
高考阅读理解题重视对考生猜词悟义能力的考查，这种不用词典而通过上下文来认识生词的能力是每一个考生所必须具备的能力。这类题主要考查考生对文中的重点词句的理解，要求考生对文章中的个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或推测释义。猜词悟义的能力知母的功效,对排除阅读中生词的干扰、降低生词率、提高阅读速度和理解能力是必不可少的，这是考生英语阅读理解能力的一个重要组成部分。
常用的问题形式：
1. He underlined word（phra）in the passage means ________________．
2. The word "it（them）"in the first paragraph refers to _____________．
3. The underlined ntence in the last paragraph means _____________．
4. Which of the following is clost in meaning to the underlined word in the third paragraph?
5. What does（do）the underlined word（words玩具兵进行曲）refer to？
6. According to the passage, “…” probably means ______________.
7. The author us the word “…” to mean __________.
8. The underlined word/phra “…”means ______________.
9. The word “…” in paragraph …refers to__________.
10. What does “…” in the cond paragraph stands for?
11. The ntence “…” means _______________.
猜词悟义方法：
一、针对性解释东海洋
针对性解释是作者为了更好地表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或词汇等所作的解释。这些解释提供的信息具有明确的针对性，利用它们猜词义比较容易。
1、根据定义猜测词义
定义解释形式多样，常由 be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define, reprent, or , that is to say, in other words, be called 等词汇或破折号,同位语来表示。例如： (1) Anthropology is the scientific study of man.
2、根据举例猜测词义
(1) You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning.
二、内在逻辑关系
1、根据对比关系猜测词义
表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要是while, not, but, however, yet, otherwi, though, despite, in spite of , in contrast和while引导的并列句等。如：
(1) Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby.
2、根据因果关系猜测词义 (常用 becau, so that, so/such…that…)
(1) Tom is considered an autocratic administrator becau he makes decisions without
eking the opinions of others.
3、根据同义词的替代关系猜测词义 (大学寒假开学时间常有and, or, like, similarly, also…)
(1) Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.
4. 根据一般常识猜测词义
(1) The snake slithered 布鲁内尔through the grass.
三、根据构词法猜测词义聚合物修补砂浆(词缀法,合成法, 转化法)
(1) I’m illiterate about such things.
(2) Then the vapor may change into droplets.
(3) Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.
真题演练
(1) 2014 陕西卷B
When I told my father that I was moving to Des Moines, Iowa, he told me about the only time he had been there. It was in the 1930s, when he was an editor of the literary magazine of Southern Methodist University（SMU）in Dallas, Texas. He also worked as a professor at SMU, and there was a girl student in his class who suffered from a rious back dia. She couldn’t afford the operation becau her family was poor.
Her mother ran a boardinghou in Galveston, a aside town near Houston, Texas. She was cleaning out the attic（阁楼）one day when she came across an old dusty manuscript（手稿）. On its top page were the words, “By O. Henry”. It was a nice story, and she nt it to her daughter at SMU, who showed it to my father. My father had never read the story before, but it sounded like O. Henry, and he knew that O. Henry had once lived in Houston. So it was possible that the famous author had gone to the beach and stayed in the Galveston boardinghou, and had written the story there and left the manu
script behind by accident. My father visited an O. Henry expert at Columbia University in New York, who authenticated the story as O. Henry’s.
My father then t out to ll it. Eventfully, he found himlf in Des Moines, meeting with Gardner Cowles, a top editor at the Des Moines 怎么暗地里收拾一个人Register. Cowles loves the story and bought it on the spot. My father took the money to the girl. It was just enough for her to have the operation she so desperately needed.
My father never told me what the O. Henry story was about. But I doubt that it could have been better than his own story.
1. The underlined word “authenticated” in Paragraph 2 probably means __________.
A. named B. treated C. proved D. described
驮的拼音
(2) 2014北京卷D
Store Scent (香味)
What is the first thing you notice when you walk into a shop? The products displayed (展示) at the entrance? Or the soft background music?
But have you ever notice the smell? Unless it is bad, the answer is likely to be no. But while a shop’s scent may not be outstanding compared with sights and sounds, it is certainly there. And it is providing to be an increasing powerful tool in encouraging people to purcha.
A brand store has become famous for its distinctive scent which floats through the fairly dark hall and out to the entrance, via scent machines. A smell may be attractive but it may not just be ud for freshening air. One sports goods company once reported that when it first introduced scent into its stores, customers’ intension to purcha incread by 80 percent.
