《英语词汇学》
Chapter 1
柠檬鲨怎么养
1. What is word?
A word is a minimal free form of a language
色老弟A sound unity or a given sound
A unit of meaning
A form that can function alone in a ntence
形容繁华的词语2.The relationship between sound and form
1) the written form of a natural language is the written record of the oral form.Naturally the written form should agree with the oral form,such as English language .
2) this is fairly true of English in it’s early stage i.e Old English
3)With the development of the language ,more and more differences occur between the two.
3. The differences between sound and form!
Four major factors:
1) more morphemes than letters---46morphemes but 26letters属猴和属龙
2) stabilization of spelling by printing
3) deliberate change of spelling by early scribes for early recognition塞上曲
4) borrowing of foreign words
4.Illustrate the relationship between sound and meaning with examples!
Sound and meaning are not intrinsically related and their connection is arbitrary and conventional . For example,tree/tri:/ refers to 树 in English becau the English –speakin
g people have agree to do so just as Chine people u /shu/ to refer to the same thing .This explains why people of different languages u different sounds to express the same concepts. Even in the same language ,the same soundcan have different meaning ,e.g /rait/ can mean right ,rite and write .
5. Borrowed words which still sound foreign and look foreign are alien
6. 微波炉的尺寸Denizens are borrowings that have become naturalized or assimilated in English
7. Archaisms are words no longer in common u or obsolete in u
8.桃花花语Content words are changing all the time whereas functional words are stable . Functional words enjoy a higher frequency in u than content words.
瑞士英文9. A word who meaning was borrowed from another language is called Semantic loan.
10. What is vocabulary ?
Vocabulary is most commonly ud to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language ,
it can also refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book , a given subject and all the words possd by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history .
11.Slang belongs to the sub-standard language , a category that ems to stand between the standard general words including informal ones available to everyone and in-group words like cant,jargon,and argot,all of which are associated with ,or most available to ,specific groups of the population. e.g: beaver(girl) / smoky,bear(police) / catch (talk to) / holler(call) / roger(understand) /X-ray (radar) / tart(loo woman) / bloke(fellow) / gat(pistol) /swell(great) /
