2015考研英语一试题答案及解析
Section1U of English
Directions:Readthe following text.Choo the best word(s)for each numbered blank andmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)
Though not biologically related,friends are as"related"as fourth cousins,sharing about1% of genes.That is1a study published from the University of California and Yale University in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,has2。
The study is a genome-wide analysis conducted31932unique subjects which4pairs of unrelated friends and unrelated strangers.The same people were ud in both5。
While1%may em6,it is not so to a geneticist.As co-author of the study James Fowler, professor of medical genetics at UC San Diego says,"Most people do not even7their fourth cousins but somehow manage to lect as friends the people who8our kin."
The team also developed a"friendship score"which can predict who will be your friend bad on their genes。
The study9found that the genes for smell were something shared in friends but not genes for immunity.Why this similarity in olfactory genes is difficult to explain,for now.10,as the team suggests,it draws us to similar environments but there is more11it.There could be many mechanisms working in tandem that12us in choosing genetically similar friends13than "functional kinship"of being friends with14!
One of the remarkable findings of the study was that the similar genes em to be evolving 15than other genes.Studying this could help16why human evolution picked pace in the last 30,000years,with social environment being a major17factor。
在三角形中The findings do not simply corroborate people’s18to befriend tho of similar19 backgrounds,say the rearchers.Though all the subjects were drawn from a population of European extraction,care was taken to20that all subjects,friends and strangers were taken from the same population.The team also controlled the data to check ancestry of subjects。
1A what B why C how D when
2A defended B concluded C withdrawn D advid
3A for B with C byD on
4A parated B sought C compared D connected
5A tests B objects C samples D examples
6A insignificantB unexpected C unreliable D incredible
7A visit B miss C know D ek
8A surpass B influence C favor D remble
9A again B also C instead D thus
10A Meanwhile B FurthermoreC Likewi D Perhaps
11A about B to C from D like
五行金是什么颜色12A limit B obrve C confu D drive
13A according toB rather than C regardless of D along with
14A chances B respons C benefits D missions
15A faster B slower C later D earlier
16A forecast B remember C expressD understand
17A unpredicted B contributory C controllable D disruptive
18A tendency B decision C arrangementD endeavor
19A political B religious C ethnic D economic
20A e B show C prove D tell
答案解析
1、A what本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。第一个空考察表语从句的引导词。
2、B concluded本句的句意是：这就是加利福尼亚大学和耶鲁大学在美国国家科学院报告上联合发表的研究成果。第二个空为针对从句谓语进行的词义考察。
3、D on本句前半句的句意是：这项研究是一个基于1932个独特个体的基因组广谱分析。考察Conduc
t on词组，进行。从句意为：它对成对儿的非亲缘朋友和陌生人进行比较。
4、C compared比较，根据上下文及后一句的same知道，比较为最佳。
5、C samples词义题，样本，C为最佳选项。
6、A insignificant词义题，1%，以及后面的not so转折，判断，A insignificant不显著，为最佳选项。
7、C know句意为：一些人虽然并不认识他们第四代的表亲，但他们选择的朋友却和这些亲戚颇有相似之处。
8、D remble词义题，和上一个空形成转折。
9、B also上下文逻辑题，发现了，还发现了。Also为最佳选项。
10、D Perhaps结合上下文：这一现象很难解释，后面接原因，原因“可能”是……最符合文章大意。耳廓囊肿
11、B to介词题，意为：就像这个科研团队所发现的，这个因素不仅把我们带到详细的环境中来，更有一些深层次的影响。
12、D drive词义题，根据上下文，对我们产生影响，驱使我们……drive为最佳选项。
13、B rather than逻辑题，基因上相似的，功能上相似的，二者对立不能同时存在，rather than不是…而是最符合。
14、C benefits跟“功能”搭配，选个褒义词，带来好处的，最佳。
15、A faster词义题，根据后半句解释，这就是为什么“picked pace”加速，这里只能选faster，一些比另外一些进化得更快，符合文意。
16、D understand词义题，这个研究可以帮助我们理解一个事实。贝空
17、B contributory本句意为：社会环境是最主要的一个因素。Contributory贡献，最佳。
18、A tendency结合文章主旨，选择基因相似的人做朋友是普遍现象，tendency趋势倾向最符合。
19、C ethnic同义替换，基因背景相似，种族的，民族的，最符合。
20、A e本句意为：尽管所有的研究对象都取自欧洲血统，研究者也花心思确保了所有(用于比对的)朋友和陌生人也源自该血统中的同一支系。
SectionⅡReading Comprehension
Part A
Directions：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)
Text1
老同是什么意思
King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted kings don’t abdicate,they die in their sleep.But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down.So,dies the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is eing its last days?Does that mean the uniting is on the wall for all European royals,with their
magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyles?
The Spanish ca previous arguments both for and against monarchy when public opinion is particularly.Polarized,as it was following the end of the France regime,monarchs can ri above “mere”politics and“embody”a spirit of national unity。
It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs continuing popularity as heads of states.And so,the Middle East expected,Europe is the most monarch-infested region is the world,wit
h10kingdoms not counting Vatican city and Andorra.But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia,most royal families have survived becau they allow voters to avoid the difficult arch for a non-controversial but respect public figure。
Even so,kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside,symbolic of national unity as they claim to be,their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today-embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities.At a time when Thomes Piketty and other ecumenists are warning of rising inequality and the increasing power of inherited wealth,it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states.The most successful monarchies strive to abandon or hide their old aristocratic ways.Prince and princess have day-jobs and ride bicycles, not hors(or helicopters).Even so,the are wealthy families who party with the international 1%，and media intrusiveness makes it increasingly difficult to maintain the right image。
While Europe’s monarchies will no doubt be smart enough to strive for some time to come, it is the British royals who have most to fear from the Spanish example。
It is only the Queen who has prerved the monarchy reputation with her rather ordinary(if well-heal
ed)granny style.The danger will come with Charles,who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and a pretty hierarchical view of the world.He has failed to understand that monarchies have largely survived becau they provide a rvice—as non-controversial and non-political heads of state.Charles ought to know that as English history shows,it is kings of republicans,who are the monarchy’s worst enemies。
21、according to the first two paragraphs,king Juan Carl of span
[A]ud to enjoy high public support
[B]was unpopular among European royals
[C]ended his reign in embarrassment
[D]ead his relationship with his rivals
22、monarchs are kept as head of state in Europe mostly
[A]owing to their undoubted and respectable status
[B]to achieve a balance between tradition and reality
[C]to give voters more public figures to look up to
[D]due to their everlasting political embodiment
23.Which of the following is shown to be odd,according to Paragraph4?
[A]Aristocrats’excessive reliance on inherited wealth。
[B]The simple lifestyle of the aristocratic families。
[C]The role of the nobility in modern democracies。
[D]The nobility’s adherence to their privileges。
24.The British royals“have most to fear”becau Charles
[A]takes a tough line on political issues。
[B]fails to change his lifestyle as advid。
[C]takes republicans as his potential allies。
[D]fails to adapt himlf to his future role。
25.Which of the following is the best title of the text?
[A]Carlos,Glory and Disgrace Combined
[B]Carlos,a Lesson for All European Monarchs
[C]Charles,Slow to React to the Coming Threats
[D]Charles,Anxious to Succeed to the Throne
解析：
21D ended his reign in embarrassment
此题属于细节题。
根据关键词King Juan Carlos of Spain定位到第一段第一和第二句。But embarrassing scandals…have forced him to eat his words and stand down.此处stand down译为放弃席位。因此D ended his reign in embarrassment是原文内容的同义替换。
22A owing to their undoubted and respectable status
硬笔书法比赛此题属于细节题。
根据关键词定位到第三段第一句it is this apparent…that explains…as heads of state。和第三句But unlike their absolutist…most royal families have survived becau they allow voters to avoid the difficult spected public figure.绝大多数皇室家族使得选民避免了寻找受人尊敬的公众人物的麻烦。因此A owing to their undoubted and respectable status是原文内容的同义替换。
23B the role of the nobility in modern democracies
此题属于细节题。
根据关键词定位到第四段最后一句话…it is bizarre that wealthy aristocratic families should still be the symbolic heart of modern democratic states奇怪的是有钱的贵族家庭仍然处于现代民主国家的核心地位。因此B the role of the nobility in modern democracies是原文内容的同义替换。
24B fails to change his lifestyle as advid
此题属于细节题。
根据关键词”have most of fear”定位到第六段，Charles定位到最后一段的地二句Charles 后面who引导定语从句who has both an expensive taste of lifestyle and…world因此B fails to change his lifestyle as advid是原文内容的同义替换。
25C Carlos，a Lesson for All European Monarchs
咖啡加奶茶此题属于全文主旨题。
着眼全文，通篇都在围绕monarchs展开。第一段由Carlos引出当今君主制面临的危机。因此Carlos，a Lesson for All European Monarchs是全文内容的精确概括。
Text2
Just how much does the Constitution protect your digital data?The Supreme Court will now consider whether police can arch the contents of a mobile phone without a warrant if the phone is on or around a person during an arrest。
California has asked the justices to refrain from a sweeping ruling,particularly one that upts the old assumptions that authorities may arch through the posssions of suspects at the time of their arrest.It is hard,the state argues,for judges to asss the implications of new and rapidly changing te
chnologies。
The court would be recklessly modest if it followed California’s advice.Enough of the
implications are discernable,even obvious,so that the justice can and should provide updated guidelines to police,lawyers and defendants。
They should start by discarding California’s lame argument that exploring the contents of a smartphone--a vast storehou of digital information is similar to say,going through a suspect’s pur.The court has ruled that police don't violate the Fourth Amendment when they go through the wallet or pocketbook,of an arrestee without a warrant.But exploring one’s smartphone is more like entering his or her home.A smartphone may contain an arrestee’s reading history, financial history,medical history and comprehensive records of recent correspondence.The development of“cloud computing,”meanwhile,has made that exploration so much the easier。
But the justices should not swallow California’s argument whole.New,disruptive technology sometimes demands novel applications of the Constitution’s protections.Orin Kerr,a law professor,compares the explosion and accessibility of digital information in the21st century with the establishment of automobile u as a digital necessity of life in the20th:The justices had to specify n
ovel rules for the new personal domain of the pasnger car then;they must sort out how the Fourth Amendment applies to digital information now。
26.The Supreme Court,will work out whether,during an arrest,it is legitimate to
[A]arch for suspects’mobile phones without a warrant。
[B]check suspects’phone contents without being authorized。
[C]prevent suspects from deleting their phone contents。
[D]prohibit suspects from using their mobile phones。
27.The author’s attitude toward California’s argument is one of
[A]tolerance。
[B]indifference。
[C]disapproval。
爆浆面包[D]cautiousness。
28.The author believes that exploring one’s phone content is comparable to
[A]getting into one’s residence。
[B]handing one’s historical records。
[C]scanning one’s correspondences。
[D]going through one’s wallet。
29.In Paragraph5and6,the author shows his concern that
[A]principles are hard to be clearly expresd。
[B]the court is giving police less room for action。
[C]phones are ud to store nsitive information。
[D]citizens’privacy is not effective protected。
30.Orin Kerr’s comparison is quoted to indicate that
(A)the Constitution should be implemented flexibly。
(B)New technology requires reinterpretation of the Constitution。
(C)California’s argument violates principles of the Constitution。
(D)Principles of the Constitution should never be altered。
T2
26答案B check suspects’phone contents without being authorized
解析：细节题。根据自然段定位原则，定位到首段。根据题干关键词supreme court，whether精确定位到第一段最后一句whether police can arch the contents of a mobile
