1. what is news? what are some categories of news?
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News is information that is published in mass media about recent events in the country or world or in a particular area of activity.
Some categories of news
In terms of style:
spot news, news features, etc.
In terms of nature:
political, economic, sports, cultural, etc.
In terms of area:
international, domestic, local, etc.
In terms of timeliness:
hard news vs. soft news
2. what is news value? what are some basic elements of news value?
News value refers to the importance of the facts and details in the news that satisfy the
房屋转让合同public’s interest in news.
Newspaper editors determine the newsworthiness of a report by the following principles:
A) Timeliness
Is it a recent development or is it old news?
B) Proximity
Is the story relevant to local readers?
C) Conflicts
Is the issue developing? Has it been resolved or does anybody care?
D) Prominence (eminence)
Are noteworthy people involved?
E) Conquence or impact
What effect will the story have on readers?
F) Human interest
Does it contain unique, interesting elements?
Emotions of readers: curious, dramatic, etc.
Other factors determining news value
Instincts of editors and reporters
The audience
The news hole
Availability of news
Philosophy of the media outlet
Pressure from publishers
Influence of advertirs
Competition among media
3. what are the functions of the newspaper?
to inform
to influence
to entertain
to adverti
4. what are the features of a front page in a newspaper?
1)A lead story
the most important political, economic and/or military event, sometimes accompanied by a relevant photo.
2)News index or brief
on the side or bottom part of the front page.
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3)The headlines
brief but impactive
4)Often with few or even no advertiments
5. what are the main features of headlines in lexis(词汇),grammer and rhetoric(修辞)?
The lexical features of headlines
Small words and abbreviations instead of big, complete ones.
Grammatical Features of News Headlines
Omission of link verbs such as BE
Infinitives for future events
Phras as headlines
Prent ten for past events
Pre-modification
ferreiraRhetorical features of headlines
Parody (仿拟)
Metaphor (隐喻)
6. how do news magazines differ from newspapers in layout(布局，版面) and news coverage?
Common Features of News Magazines
Focus on political and social news
Commentaries as well as in-depth reports
Large vocabulary and idiomatic language
Exquisitely-designed advertiments
Larger volume (pages, colors, pictures, etc.)
Less timely but more interesting
Delayed lead in preference to direct lead
The layout of a typical news magazine
The cover (focus)
Table of Contents
The cover story
The nation (domestic news)
The world (international news)
Special reports (Features)
Arts
Letters to editor (Editor’s note /
Editorial)
People
Travel
……
7. what is news lead? what are direct lead and delayed lead?
the first a few paragraphs which indicate the five Ws and an H (WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, HOW ) of the news story.
Direct lead
党的全国代表会议的职权是A direct lead tells readers the most important aspect of the story (the five Ws) in a direct and straightforward way, and is often ud in “hard news”.
Delayed lead
A delayed lead attracts readers by hinting the content of the story. It is usually found in news features and other “soft stories” that put more emphasis on human interest rather than timeliness of an event.
A delayed lead usually ts a scene or evokes a mood with an incident, anecdote, or example.
8. what is the body structure of a news story? what are advantages of it?
Inverted pyramid (also called “inverted triangle”)
—— the most important aspect of a story is higher up in the body of the story, while other information is written lower down in order of importance.
Advantages:
Easy for journalists to write, since the structure is clear.
Easy for editors to modify, since the lower parts are less important thus can be readily cut off if necessary.
Easy for readers to grasp the main idea and decide whether to read on --- time is money!
9. what are the difference between tabloids(小报) and broadsheets(大幅报纸)?
(at least fouraspects)
10.what are the main functions of mass communication for society?
Surveillance,interpretation,transmission of values,diversion and linkage.
1. Surveillance: facts and data
2. Interpretation: information on the ultimate meaning and significance of news events.
3. Transmission of values: The mass media prent portrayals of our society, and by watching, listening, and reading, we learn how people are suppod to act and what values are important.
4. Diversion: (1) eking relief from boredom or the routine activities of everyday life; (2) relaxation, o
r escape from the pressures and problems of day-to-day existence; and (3) emotional relea of pent-up emotions and energy.
5. Linkage: the media function that address our need to strengthen our contact with family, friends, and others in our society.
11.how do deal with new words in reading newspapers and magazines?
(1) Try to find some help from the author
(2) Try to find some help from word formation
(3) Try to find some help from context and common knowledge
12.what is communication? what are the forms of communication?
communication is the process of sharing ideas, information, and messages with others in a particular time and place.
Forms of communication
verbal communication (writing and talking)
nonverbal communication
visual communication
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electronic communication
13.what is the code of ethics(道德规范) for journalists?
(1) Responsibility
Journalists should not u their professional status as reprentatives of the public for lfish or oth
er unworthy motives.
(2) Freedom of the press
Journalists should be free from government control or censorship.
(3) Accuracy and objectivity
Truth is the ultimate goal. Objectivity in reporting the news is another goal.
14.what is journalism? what does the study of journalism include?
In a narrow n, journalism is the collection and periodical publishing of news. It includes writing for, editing, and managing such media as the newspaper and the periodical. In other words, it means gathering, evaluating, and disminating(散布，传播) facts of current interest.
In a broad n, journalism is the gathering and transmission of news, business management of journals ,and advertising in all its phas. And following the advent of radio and television, there was a trend toward including all communication dealing with current affairs in the term of journalism.
15.what is the definition of news agency? what are the major news agencies in America and Brition?
Organizations that collect, transmit, and distribute news to newspapers, periodicals, television, radio, and other journalistic and mass communication media.
The largest worldwide news rvice：
the Associated Press (AP), (美联社), 1848, USA,
Other major news agencies of the world:
1.Reuters, 1851, Britain, one of the largest European press agencies. (路透社).
2.the United Press International , (UPI) 1907, USA. (合众国际社)
16.what are the benefits obtained via appreciating the language of English news?
Some benefits:
Acquire latest information (90%)
Understand the fundamentals of English journalism
Know about the different styles of English newspapers and magazines
Improve one’s English competence
17.what is privacy? what actions can be regarded as invasion of privacy?
The right of the individual to be protected against intrusion into his personal life or affairs, or tho of his family, by direct physical means or by publication of information.
What actions can be regarded as invasion of privacy?
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A TV news crew hiding in a van outside your room and cretly taping your activities while you were inside. (But it’s a different story for public figures such as superstars & politicians.)
A newspaper publishing private medical records that reveal that a person has a dreadful dia.
描写人物外貌的18.give a brief account of the general communcation process.
19.what is yellow journalism?
Yellow journalism, in short, is biad opinion masquerading as objective fact. Moreover, the practice of yellow journalism involved nsationalism, distorted stories, and misleading images for the sole purpo of boosting newspaper sales and exciting public opinion.
20.what is hard news? what is soft news? how to distinguish between them?
Hard news generally refers to up-to-the-minute news and events that are reported immediately.
Soft news is background information or human-interest stories, which appeal to people’s curiosity, sympathy,
skepticism, or amazement.
Hard news vs. soft news: subject matter
Politics, war, economics and crime ud to be considered hard news, while arts, entertainment and lifestyles were considered soft news.
Hard news vs. soft news:the tone of prentation
A hard news story takes a factual approach: What happened? Who was involved? Where and when did it happen? Why?
A soft news story tries instead to entertain or advi the reader. You may have come across newspaper or TV stories that promi "news you can u."
