Chapter 6 Language Processing in Mind
6.1 Introduction感冒能泡澡吗
1. Language is a mirror of the mind in a deep and significant n.
2. Language is a product of human intelligence, created a new in each individual by operation that lie far beyond the reach of will or consciousness.
3. Psycholinguistics “proper” can perhaps be glosd as the storage, comprehension, production and acquisition of language in any medium (spoken or written).
4. Psycholinguistics is concerned primarily with investigating the psychological reality of linguistic structures.
5. The differences between psycholinguistics and psychology of language.
Psycholinguistics can be defined as the storage, comprehension, production and acquisition of language in any medium (spoken or written). It is concerned primarily with i
nvestigating the psychological reality of linguistic structures.
关于新的成语 On the other hand, the psychology of language deals with more general topics such as the extent to which language shapes thought, and from the psychology of communication, includes non-verbal communication such as gestures and facial expressions.
6. Cognitive psycholinguistics: Cognitive psycholinguistics is concerned above all with making inferences about the content of the human mind.
7. Experimental psycholinguistics: Experimental psycholinguistics is mainly concerned with empirical matters, such as speed of respon to a particular word.
6.1.1 Evidence
1. Linguists tend to favor descriptions of spontaneous speech as their main source of evidence, whereas psychologists mostly prefer experimental studies.
2. The subjects of psycholinguistic investigation are normal adults and children on the one hand, and aphasics----people with speech disorders-----on the other. The primary assumption with regard to aphasic patient that a breakdown in some part of language could lead to an understanding of which components might be independent of others.
6.1.2 Current issues
1. Modular theory: Modular theory assumes that the mind is structured into parate modules or components, each governed by its own principles and operating independently of others.
2. Cohort theory: The cohort theory hypothesizes that auditory word recognition begins with the formation of a group of words at the perception of the initial sound and proceeds sound by sound with the cohort of words decreasing as more sounds are perceived. This theory can be expanded to deal with written materials as well. Several experiments have supported this view of word recognition. One obvious prediction of this model is that if the beginning sound or letter is missing, recognition will be much more difficult, perhaps even
impossible. For example: Gray tie------ great eye; a name-----an aim; an ice man-----a nice man; I scream-----ice cream; See Mable----em able; well fare----welfare; lookout------look out ; decade-----Deck Eight; Layman------laymen; persistent turn------persist and turn
3. Psychological reality: The reality of grammar, etc. as a purported account of structures reprented in the mind of a speaker. Often oppod, in discussion of the merits of alternative grammars, to criteria of simplicity, elegance, and internal consistency.
4. The three major strands of psycholinguistic rearch:
(1) Comprehension: How do people u their knowledge of language, and how do they understand what they hear or read?
凉拌面条菜(2) Production: How do they produce messages that others can understand in turn?
(3) Acquisition: How language is reprented in the mind and how language is acquired?
6.2 Language comprehension
6.2.1 Word recognition
韩国英语怎么说1. An initial step in understanding any message is the recognition of words.
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2. One of the most important factors that effects word recognition is how frequently the word is ud in a given context.
3. Frequency effect: describes the additional ea with which a word is accesd due to its more frequent usage in the language.
翡翠品种4. Recency effect: describe the additional ea with which a word is accesd due to its repeated occurrence in the discour or context.
5. Another factor that is involved in word recognition is Context.
6. Semantic association network reprents the relationships between various mantic金字塔简笔画
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ally related words. Word recognition is thought to be faster when other members of the association network are provided in the discour.
6.2.2 Lexical ambiguity
1. lexical ambiguity: ambiguity explained by reference to lexical meanings: e.g. that of I saw a bat, where a bat might refer to an animal or, among others, stable tennis bat.
2. There are two main theories:
(1) All the meanings associated with the word are accesd, and
