二轮复习阅读理解阅读技能指导之(一) 如何精读
精读是一种为了达到对文章的充分理解而进行的阅读。具体地说，在理解方面，要求对文章的词、句、段、篇进行深入地分析和思考。精读的过程是从形式到内容、从内容到形式、从部分到整体、从整体到部分的反复研读过程。完形填空这种题型是要求精读的题型。精读要注意以下几点：读思结合，全面理解、逐次研读，即逐字逐句，逐段逐章地去钻研，做到精细理解，全面把握；并对文中的关键词句，要仔细品味，推敲琢磨，达到理解透彻。
[高考典例] 2012•安徽卷•完形填空
When I ttled in Chicago, my new city emed so big and unfriendly.Then I had a __36__ problem and had to go to hospital for a __37__ examination.
It emed a small __38__ compared to the one I was about to face, but things started to go __39__ right from the beginning. Not having a car or __40__ the city, I was depending on a couple of bus to get me from A to B．__41__ I'd left mylf plenty of time, soon it was __42__ I was going to be late, as I had mistakenly boarded a bus that was taking me in the __43__ direction.
I __44__ the bus and stood on the pavement not knowing what to do.I looked into the eyes of a __45__， who was trying to get past me.__46__， instead of moving on, she stopped to ask if I was __47__.After I explained my __48__ to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street, where a bus would take me back into the city to my __49__.Sitting there waiting, I felt __50__ that someone had been willing to help.__51__， hearing a horn (喇叭) nearby, I looked up to e a car with my new friend __52__ at me to get in.She had returned to offer me a __53__ to the hospital.
Such unexpected __54__ from a pasrby was a lovely gift to receive.As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lo __55__， for all things are possible.
36．A.physical B．traveling
C．social D．housing
37．A.scientific B．final
C．previous D．thorough
38．A.chance B．challenge
C．success D．error
39．A.wrong B．easy 车辆过户手续
C．fast D．ahead
40．A.leaving B．visiting
C．knowing D．appreciating
41．A.Although B．Since
C．Unless D．Once
42．A.strange B．necessary
麻花制作方法
C．obvious D．important
43．A.same B．right
C．general D．opposite河北人家
44．A.looked at B．waited for
C．got off D．ran into
45．A.driver B．friend
C．stranger D．gentleman
46．A.Especially B．Surprisingly
C．Probably D．Normally
47．A.nervous B．excited
C．OK D．dangerous
48．A.idea B．motivation
C．excu D．situation
49．A.appointment B．apartment
C．direction D．station
50．A.afraid B．grateful
C．certain D．disappointed
51．A.Thus B．Then
C．Perhaps D．Surely
52．A.staring B．laughing
C．waving D．shouting
53．A.lift B．suggestion
C．bike D．guidebook
54．A.results B．news
C．kindness D．appearance
55．A.power B．faith 审计实训报告
C．touch D．support
[四个精读策略]
1．理清文章所用人称
本文是以第一人称即从“参与者”的角度进行叙述，读者可从字里行间感受到作者的态度和情感。使用第三人称的记叙文是以“观察者”的身份展开叙述，显得语气比较客观。附加疑问句
2．了解文章结构形式
本文按时间先后顺序安排情节和内容，其优点是条理清楚、层次分明。但是在有些记叙文作者可能会采用插叙甚至倒叙的写作手法。
3．知晓记叙文六大要素
这篇文章的六个要素为：人物：I and a stranger；时间：when I ttled in Chicago；地点：Chicago；事件：去看医生途中迷路；原因：had a __36__ problem and had to go to hospital for a __37__ examination；结果：得到陌生人的帮助。弄清了这六个要素，基本上就理解了整篇文章。
4．明确作者写作目的
就事论事肯定不是记叙的目的，而是通过叙述阐明一个道理。这篇文章的写作目的在文章的结尾处，即“..._not_to_lo_faith,_for_all_things_are_possible.”。
[三个精读步骤]
第一步：速读全文，理清主线，把握主旨
1．本文的两条主线：
明线(事件发展)：生病看医生→坐错公交车→站在路边不知所措→陌生人提供帮助→到达
医院；
暗线(心理变化)：感觉到城市的陌生(unfriendly)→遇到问题感到迷茫(not knowing what to do)→得到帮助心情明朗(a lovely gift)
2．文章大意：本文讲述了作者初到芝加哥人生地不熟时的一次受人帮助的愉快经历。
第二步：逐句推敲，瞻前顾后，顺藤摸瓜
1．逐句推敲，理清联系，找出主题句
康乃馨的图片本文的主题句为：As I climbed out of the car at the hospital and turned to thank her, she smiled and told me not to lo __55__， for all things are possible.
2．瞻前顾后，锁定信息词，比对选项
以第一段为例，第一段的信息词为：so big and unfriendly; go to hospital。
3．顺藤摸瓜，敲定答案无证无照
由第一段所提供的信息词可知作者对于这个城市的态度以及作者的身体状况，故36题顺理成章的应选physical“身体的”；选出36空后，顺藤摸瓜可知，37空作者去医院作“全面的(thorough)”的检查。
第三步：通读全文，统筹兼顾，重点击破
带着已选答案，迅速通读全文，着眼一个“通”字，保证语义通顺，逻辑合理，符合作者情感历程轨迹；否则，不通则变，重新考虑所选选项。故宫景点
[课下语篇提能练] 40分钟
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2019•广东省百校联盟第二次联考)Many people wrongly think that cities don't have farms and that fruits and vegetables are only grown in the country.Believe it or not, there are more and more urban farms popping up in cities all over the world.
Alexandra Sullivan, a food system rearcher in New York City, studies urban agriculture.
Urban agriculture is another name for farming and gardening in a city environment.Ms.Sullivan studies everything from tiny gardens in empty lots between buildings to bigger fields that have been planted and grown.According to Ms.Sullivan, “Urban agriculture has existed since cities have, across the world.”
The number of humans living in urban areas, or cities, is increasing.The amount of people who want to garden in urban areas is also rising.Ms.Sullivan says, “In small gardens, on rooftops and indoors, they grow fruits, vegetables, grains, and herbs, and rai animals to produce milk, eggs, honey, and meat.They u the foods as supplements to food produced by rural agriculture.” Even though some people who live in urban areas grow crops, urban residents still need to rely on food grown in rural areas.This is becau a city doesn't have enough space to grow enough food for everyone living in it.
In New York City, urban farmers have come up with many different ways to grow their own produce, even though there isn't a lot of room.For example, Brooklyn Grange is a far
ming operation that has two rooftop vegetable farms in New York City.All together, the farms are made up of 2.5 acres of rooftop space.This makes Brooklyn Grange one of the largest rooftop farming operations in the world.
